Month: August 2021

why is china so successful in olympics ?

In terms of athletes from a young age, training hard, and often away from families to go to training centers, this is true, but one needs to understand the context within China, the opportunities that present to these athletes (pay, education, better life), and these athletes’ background (from low socioeconomic families), before passing simple judgment. I will elaborate on this below at the bottom, as I also did in comment on someone else’s answer.

These facts below however are true of why China athletes succeed at the Olympics:

1) The Chinese train harder than anyone else in the world; as other foreign coaches working with China’s Olympic Team have stated in media in past: The Guardian. Following Confucius beliefs, the Chinese believe hard work gets results, and following a progressive long-term athletic development model with repetition of technique and skill they perfect every movement until optimised (thus why they succeed in sports like table tennis, diving, gymnastics, and even weightlifting requires perfection of technique).

2) Centralised Training Program with High Government Support & Funding: The Chinese government has a heavily fund and centralized top-down training model; with the one goal to achieve Olympic Gold. The exact figures of the funding are unknown, and not as transparent as other nations, but still estimated to be the highest funded high performance program in the world. These funds help to pay athletes’ salaries, have full-time staff supporting those athletes, get the best coaches & foreign expertise to improve it further, build big training facilities, and really do anything they want. With a structured pyramid program, with around 5000 sports schools, filtering into province training centers, and then the best up into the Olympic center. Ensuring that the Chinese Olympic program can run smoothly and succeed at its goal.

3) Foreign Expertise: The big jump made at Beijing 2008 and beyond, had a lot to do with foreign expertise. The sourced the world for the best coaches, the best staff. Head coaches alone, there were 28 foreign coaches for the last Olympics; so to say Chinese coaches are “torturing” kids, then ask yourself but what about the foreign coaches? I even know examples where athletes get injured and they fly in experts from around the world for their opinions. This spending of money for an athlete is rarely done elsewhere.

4) Strong talent Identification and Long-term Athletic Development Model: At young ages they look for kids who have the physical capabilities that will allow them to succeed in a sport, and then build on-top of that strong base with a long-term athletic development plan. E.g., start with basic skills and foundation until that is perfected, then build on top of that with another skill, etc.

5) Top-down sports system vs. bottom-up: China is a top-down sports system, a system where the top level controls and manages everything with the goal to achieve Olympic success. Meaning the entire reason athletes enter the system at the bottom (the sports schools), is with the aim to achieve the government’s goal of Olympic success. Some other Asian nations however have similar systems. This contrasts however to Western nations, whereas it’s a bottom-up system, whereas the community and club levels develop athletes, and athletes enter sport for their own goals. One where they just naturally develop going through lower levels, until they have a talent, and then get recognised and selected for national program (and not until then does the government or national sports governing body have much influence on that athlete’s life). Of course arguments and debate on which is optimal. However it’s not hard to see that if you have a control of athlete’s life and sports development from the day they enter sport, and plan & goal for those athletes to succeed at Olympics, then it is much easier to plan for accomplishing that goal (in point 4 above), e.g., what education do they need, what skills do they need, what physical requirements do they need, how much sleep do they need, what medical support do they need, etc.

6) Year round structured training (More prepared): Not to say not all athletes train year round, but the Chinese have a 365 days/year training together as a team generally in most sports. Although some sports like Basketball they have around 6 months (as they spend the other 6 months in their professional teams), but that’s still lot more time together in national team than other nations. What does this mean? Well it means they are going to function better as a team, be more prepared to work with the national coach, better skilled, and better in team environment & teams culture, and with the physical resilience and technical skills to succeed. A lot of other programs in Olympic sports around the world do not follow such a professional program, for example some Olympic teams athletes train independently and then only come together to join the national team in the months or even just weeks before the games.

7) Smart Allocation of Funding: They concentrate on sports that they can win, or succeed at, be it sports that they see an opportunity (less competitive) or sports that they know they win (e.g., table tennis). For example many gymnasts are changed into snow boarding, aerial skiing, and diving. Because of the Chinese athletes’ great gymnastic abilities, they thus would make a good for a similar sports that requires these skills to help and thus can become more competitive then people without those same gymnastic abilities. They also focus on sheer medal numbers; they concentrate on sports with different weight classes (e.g., weight lifting or wrestling) or sports with more medals (e.g., swimming). But then this same approach is done by most centralized sports systems, including Australia.

8) Repetition of Skill or Technical Focused Training: the old rule, repeat until you are perfect or ‘practice makes perfect’. Very much following Confucius thinking here, in China the kids do ONE sport, and repeat the same skill over and over, day in and day out. This is something not done or rare in many nations, for example kids in Australia or America would play many sports in their childhood, they develop better motor skills and coordination but not fine tuning one skill like the Chinese. Is thus the reason China often succeed in technical focused sports like table tennis, diving, gymnastics, because they have trained until they perfected the routine. However all sports do have a technical focus, even track & field, weightlifting, and swimming; related to efficiency and ease of movement.

9) Rewards for Athletes & Better Life: The rewards for those who make it are great. Some Olympic athletes earn more a week than their poor family can in a year. That way it’s a great way forward for poor families to jump to a better social class. This provides excellent motivation for them to train hard. China Olympic champions are suggested to get $200,000USD for an Olympic Gold (figure appears to vary in different sources), and add in houses, a high level job within the government upon retirement; even winning the All-China Games grants athletes $100,000USD (depending on the province). Most of these athletes come from families that work in factories, and/or farms, earning just enough to feed the family.

10) National Pride: sports is seen as a sign of power similar to GDP. A collective culture still, looking to better the community they are within. They do it for the family, nation, and less for themselves (opposite to the west). A way to show a strong and powerful nation.

However above all, one big factor: they want it more than anyone else in the world (similar to the Kenyans in distance running), that motivational factor is big thing in elite sport.

FINANCE COMMISSION

 

Finance Commission is constituted to define financial relations between the center and the states. Under the provision of Article 280 of the Constitution, the President appoints a Finance Commission for the specific purpose of devolution of non-plan revenue resources. It was formed in 1951. Shri Ajay Narayan Jha recently joined the Fifteenth Finance Commission as its member. The 15th Finance Commission has released a report titled ‘Finance Commission in COVID Times’ on 1st February 2021.

Article 280 of the Indian Constitution

  • After two years of the commencement of the Indian Constitution and thereafter every 5 years, President has to constitute a Finance Commission of India.
  • It shall be the duty of the Commission to make recommendations to the President concerning the:
    • The distribution between the Union and the States of the net proceeds of taxes which are to be, or maybe, divided between them and the allocation between the States of the respective shares of such proceeds;
    • The principles which should govern the grants in aid of the revenues of the States out of the Consolidated Fund of India;
    • Any other matter referred to the Commission by the President in the interests of sound finance
    • The Commission shall determine their procedure and shall have such powers in the performance of their functions as Parliament may by law confer on them

Article 281 of the Indian Constitution

  • It is related to the recommendations of the Finance Commission:
    • The President has to lay the recommendation made by the Finance Commission and its explanatory memorandum before each house of Parliament



Functions of Finance Commission

The Finance Commission makes recommendations to the president of India on the following issues:

  • The net tax proceeds distribution will be divided between the Centre and the states, and the allocation between states.
  • The principles governing the grants-in-aid to the states by the Centre out of the consolidated fund of India.
  • The steps required to extend the consolidated fund of a state to boost the resources of the panchayats and the municipalities of the state are based on the recommendations made by the state Finance Commission.
  • Any other matter referred to it by the president in the interests of sound finance.
  • The Commission decides the basis for sharing the divisible taxes by the center and the states and the principles that govern the grants-in-aid to the states every five years.
  • Any matter in the interest of sound finance may be referred to the Commission by the President.
  • The Commission’s recommendations along with an explanatory memorandum concerning the actions done by the government on them are laid before the Houses of the Parliament.
  • The FC evaluates the rise in the Consolidated Fund of a state to affix the state Panchayats and Municipalities resources.
  • The FC has sufficient powers to exercise its functions within its activity domain.
  • As per the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, the FC has all the powers of a Civil Court. It can call witnesses, ask for the production of a public document or record from any office or court.


Finance Commission Chairman and Members

  • Chairman: Heads the Commission and presides over the activities. He should have had public affairs experience.
  • Four Members.
  • The Parliament determines legally the qualifications of the members of the Commission and their selection methods.

Qualifications of Finance Commission Chairman and Members

  • The 4 members should be or have been qualified as High Court judges, or be knowledgeable in finance or experienced in financial matters and are in administration, or possess knowledge in economics.
  • All the appointments are made by the President of the country.
  • Grounds of disqualification of members:
  • found to be of unsound mind, involved in a vile act, if there is a conflict of interest
  • The tenure of the office of the Member of the Finance Commission is specified by the President of India and in some cases, the members are also re-appointed.
  • The members shall give part-time or service to the Commission as scheduled by the President.
  • The salary of the members is as per the provisions laid down by the Constitution.

CORRUPTION IN INDIA…

Looking at the situation of India today, corruption can be observed and seen in almost every person, every place, every sector, every field, every institute, every dealing, every department, every exchange, every transaction, every opportunity, every job, every system and what not. In case of politics, it is in a worst situation or condition. Sometimes a doubt arises that whether we are living in a democratic country, whether we are following the constitution of  Dr. B .R. Ambedkar or not. Because the present scenario in India is like that, really worst. 

Corruption can be seen in every aspect. In politics, before winning elections-corruption to win, after forming government- corruption in activities and welfare programs. See the situation, how worse is it becoming day by day .I want to discuss this with some examples .Let’s begin.
CORRUPTION WITH EXAMPLES:
1.Distribution of money and gifts at the time of elections to come into power. See how they are cheating on people to come into power and for their personal benefits .They are directly spoiling the voting right of the people.
2. Corruption in quality and quantity of products. Corruption can be seen in the aspects of quality and quantity. If government is distributing something among the people, in between reaching the people from the government, it goes through a lot of corruption, like in hands of officers corruption takes place, some officers they ask money in return from the people to give their part from the government, which is so weird. And sometimes they practice do mal practices by which people may loose their quality ad quantity of the products receiving from the government.
3.For example, corruption in petrol, and food products. Expired products, and adulterated foods and products, cheating in petrol and fuels filling and many more like this. 
MAIN REASON FOR CORRUPTION IN INDIA:
The causes of corruption in India include excessive regulations, complicated tax and licensing systems, numerous government departments with opaque bureaucracy and discretionary powers, monopoly of government controlled institutions on certain goods and services delivery, and the lack of transparent laws and processes.

THERE IS A LOT OF CORRUPTION IN INDIA:

Corruption is especially prevalent in the judiciary, police, public services, and public procurement sectors. Due to varying levels of corruption and quality of government operations across India, local investment conditions vary between and within states.


A SAD THING IS:

Corruption in India is a consequence of the nexus between Bureaucracy, politics and criminals. India is now no longer considered a soft state. It has now become a consideration state where everything can be had for a consideration. Today, the number of ministers with an honest image can be counted on fingers.
HOW CAN WE STOP CORRUPTION:

  1. Expose corrupt activities and risks that may otherwise remain hidden.
  2. Keep the public sector honest, transparent and accountable.
  3. Helps stop dishonest practices.
  4. Ensure that public sector employees act in the public interest.




CHALLENGES

Challenges are meant to help you know who you are, they hit your weakness, but unlock your true strength. Always believe in yourself and always stretch yourself beyond your limits.

Your life is worth a lot more than you think because you are capable of accomplishing more than you know. You have more potential than you think but you will never know your full potential unless you challenging yourself and pushing beyond your self imposed limits.

Every challenge you face today makes you stronger tomorrow. The challenge of life is intended to make you better but not to make you bitter.

Finding the lesson behind every challenge will be the one important thing that helps get you through it. Life throws challenges on you not because you are playing games but because you must realise you are worth the extra effort.

Challenge is not always given by others, sometimes it is given by ourselves, whenever I think of something but can’t remember of what it was, I can’t stop thinking until I think ,I’m thinking of it again.

when you least expect it, life sets you a challenge to test your courage and willingness to change, at such a moment, there is no point in pretending that nothing has happened or in saying that you are not yet ready. The challenge will not wait.

Life does not look back. A week is more than enough time for you to decide whether or not to accept the Challenge. There are no negative in life, only challenge to overcome that will make you stronger.

Some fish love to swim up in stream likewise some people love to overcome challenges.

Being challenged in life is inevitably, being defeated is optional. It is your choice to be inevitably or to be optional.

The 80/20 Principle (or) Pareto Principle

In this article I am going to tell you about some of the things I read in The 80-20 policy book and learned from it. Let’s start reading the article without wasting time.

Book Name : The 80/20 Principle

Author Name : Richard Koch

Year of Publication : 1999

Vilfredo Pareto was an Italian economist. He was studying Wealth Distribution and Income Generation about England in 1897. What he discovered while studying about it was that just over 20% of the population in the England owns 80% of the wealth. After discovering this, Pareto started studying a lot about it.

What he learned then was that this 80/20 principle was consistent across all time periods and in all countries. Looking deeper into this research, this principle is not only relevant to wealth. He discovered in a lot of other things it is related. He realized that 80% of the peas in his garden were only available from 20% of the plants. 

Today we call this principle the 80/20 principle or the Pareto principle. We can apply this principle in all aspects of our lives such as business, health, study, relationship.

What this principle says is that 80% of the results we get are from the 20% of actions we take. In general, what we think is that we get a lot of results only if we do a lot of actions. But according to research it is wrong. Some good actions that we do give us 80% results. After discovering this principle, a lot of people researched whether it is compatible in all respects. In many respects this principle was then in perfect agreement.

Examples :

1. 20% of criminals are reason for 80% of crimes

2. 20% of drivers are reason for 80% of accidents

3. 20% of married couples are reason for 80% of divorce

4. 20% of roads are reason for 80% of traffic

5. 20% of clothes are wore by us for 80%

6. 20% of lands are reason for 80% of minerals

7. 20% of clouds are reason for 80% of rain

8. 20% of actors are reason for 80% of public attention

9. 20% of scientists are reason for 80% of inventions

10. 20% of book writers are reason for 80% of book sales.

How do we apply this 80/20 principle?

 This principle does not teach us not to work. It teaches us to focus on the things that give us the most results.

1. The 80/20 Principle For Business

This principle was used extensively for business. Only then did they begin to apply this principle in all things. Business start-ups waste 80% of their time focusing on things they don’t need. For example, things like how the company logo should look like and how the website should look. All of these things are important. But these things alone do not impress people. First and foremost our ambition is to focus on developing the company’s products and services. Only then should we focus on other things like marketing and sales. Business people need to remember one important thing. Only 20% of our customers give us 80% profit. Similarly, only 20% of customers are 80% compliant. If we focus on these two types of 20% customers we will get 80% winning results. 

2. The 80/20 Principle For Social Life and Happiness

Some of us will think. That we would be better off if we had a lot of friends. So let’s start spending time with a lot of friends. But all this is perfectly understandable. That we have wasted a lot of time. Thus we would not have focused on our important things. Whatever our mind set is, it would be better if we had more. But according to this principle 80% of Happiness and Fulfillment we get only from 20% of friends. So instead of spending time with a lot of friends, spend time with the 20% of friends that suit you. Focus on other things as well.

3. The 80/20 Principle For Studying

For example, suppose you have two friends. The first friend is studying from morning till night. The second friend just reads for 3-4 hours. But when it comes to results, only the second friend will get good results. Because the second friend is unknowingly following the 80/20 principle. He is following two things and using the 80/20 principle. What they are,

* Deciding what to read *

The first friend thinks he should read everything. Doing so will prevent him from remembering exactly what he reads. But the second friend will read the important ones first and read the rest if there is time left.

 * Deciding what time to read *

Humans cannot focus too much time on the same work. But since the first friend was studying from morning till night there is a lot of distraction during the break. Thus no matter how long he studies it will not be a quality study. The second friend reads only from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Focused on things that give freshness like walking while taking a break. Thus he can read with full attention without any distractions while reading.

Similarly, find that 20% in your work which gives you results. It gives double results in less time. Then you can use the rest of the time for other important work.

Food Myths

What to eat, when to eat and how often to eat are such questions which usually confuse most of the individuals. Now, we have scientific knowledge and on the basis of that knowledge we should not believe in food myths. Some of food myths are below :-

  1. Potatoes make you fat :- Many people used to think that carbohydrate rich food such as rice, potatoes etc. increase body weight. For reducing weight people used to eliminate carbohydrate rich foods from diet. We know that carbohydrates are the body’s preferred energy source. There is no problem in taking potatoes in moderate amount.
  2. Carrots are high in sugar , so avoid them :- Carrots contains more than 85% of water and one pound of cooked carrots has approx three teaspoons of sugar. Besides carrots are rich in phytochemicals such as beta carotene and fiber, eating carrots helps lower blood sugar.
  3. Nuts are junk food :- Nuts are full of polyunsaturated fatty acid and minerals like calcium and potassium.
  4. Exercise makes you eat more :- Exercise burns calories which may increase appetite. Research studies shows that individual who do exercise, consume more calories than those who don’t exercise.

Weird laws from around the world

>Salmon Act 1986

Under the Salmon Act, the Parliament makes it illegal to hold a salmon in suspicious circumstances in the UK. Other fish species like trout, eel, lamprey and smelt are also included in this law. However, the law does not specify what behaviour can be considered suspicious.

>Law for billboards in Hawaii

Hawaii does not allow the use of billboard advertising in public. Only directional boards, landmark signs and real estate boards are allowed to be displayed in Hawaii. However, there is a provision to have a billboard in one’s own property.

>Metabo Law of Japan

Japan takes the matter of its citizens health very seriously. The Metabo Law restricts its citizens aged 40 to 74 years to gain extreme weight and requires the citizens to have an annual weight check by the doctor. Men are supposed to have a waist size not exceeding 33.5 inches and women 35.4 inches. It was made to prevent obesity and other related health issues.

>Locust Invasion Law, India

Locust attacks cause large scale threat to crops. To prevent the destruction people living within 5 miles of the plca of locust invasion are required to beat drum or some other instrument in order to alert the town.

>No chickens to cross the road in Georgia

To let your chicken cross road is illegal in Georgia. The chickens are meant to be kept under the owner’s control and letting them loose can lead the owner to be fined.

>Law on Protection of the Rights and Interests of Elderly People, China

China has a law for its citizens above the age of 60 year. Under this law discrimination, insulting, maltreating or forsaking the elderly etc is forbidden.

>No dying without a burial plot

In Sarpourenx, France the citizens cannot die within the city limits without having purchased a burial plot for themselves. This law was put forward in the year 2008 by the city mayor claiming that those who offend will be severely punished. However, the kind of punishment has not be clarified.

>Swearing, illegal in the UAE

In the UAE, swearing is illegal leading the offender to be fined or even jailed. Under Article 373 of the UAE Penal Code, swearing is form of disgrace to a person. The law also includes indecent gestures or text message and threatening messages along with the use of inappropriate words.

WORLD’S LARGEST SHIP BREAKING YARD: ALANG, GUJARAT

Alang is the biggest ship breaking yard in the world and is situated in Gujarat, India. Hundreds of ships get scrapped here every year. With the increasing popularity of the yard, the number of ships getting scrapped here is also increasing steeply. With this the number of threats on the health of the workers working there and the marine environment is also increasing. There is a steep increase in threats on them. Unlike other countries, India had lacks strict policies and regulations for protecting and preserving the marine environment. This leads to irreversible harm on the surrounding flora and fauna as well as the health of the laborer’s. Indian coasts have coral reefs and due to the unregulated practice of ship breaking activity, the coral reef of the coast has vanished and destroyed completely. It is having serious impacts on the marine life. Alang has now become the storage of toxic wastes, radioactive elements, poisonous gases and waste, unusable oil which have now entered into the marine food chain and and are also affecting the health of the workers working there. The laborer’s work in dilapidated condition with least safety measures and poor health care facilities.

Ship Breaking Yard at Alang, Gujarat

EXISTING SHIP RECYCLING CAPACITY OF ALANG

Currently the ship breaking yard has 153 plots or ship breaking yards on 10 kilometer long coast in Bhavnagar District of the state. Out of these 131 plots practice ship breaking activities and just 80 plots have ships for breaking. So, 48 per cent of the ship breaking capacity is laying idle in the site. In the year 2011 -12, 415 ships with a total 3.85 million Light Displacement Tonnage (LDT or weight of a vessel without fuel, cargo, etc.) came to the site and the capacity of the site was almost full. And after that there was a decrease in the number of ships coming. In 2021, only 199 ships came to the site.

In this entire process of ship breaking, there are numerous factors and aspects which are not being considered and are neglected. The protection of health, safety and sanitation of the workers is not considered, the negative impacts of the practice on the marine ecosystem and the surrounding environment is not being considered properly and the potential threats on the flora and fauna are not considered properly. Some of the regulations and rights of the workers which are being violated are:

  1. Violation of Legal Frameworks for Adequate Health Facilities: One of the major problems in the ship breaking site is the absence of proper health care facilities for the workers. The region as 2 hospitals only which are under staffed and don’t possess necessary health care infrastructure for treating fatal emergencies. There is no ambulance facility in the area as well. Regulations Violated: the International Labor Organization (ILO) guideline of 2003, which outlined detailed provisions for the safety and health of workers in ship-breaking industries etc.
  2. Violation of Regulations provided for secured employment of laborer’s: The ship breaking yard of Alang is labor intensive and does not use modern technologies like China and Japan. Thousands of people migrants migrate from different parts of the state (especially Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar etc.) to Alang Sosiya for getting employment but there is no employment security here. A number of workers are Alang Sosiya Ship Breaking YARD (ASSBY) have also said that there is a always a delay in payment of wages and they do not receive any financial benefits as laid down by different labor laws of India. The workers are not even paid for extra work on Sundays and when they are on leave. Regulations Violated: The Workmen’s Compensation Act 1923; the Payment of Wages Act 1936; the Factories Act 1948; the Employees’ State Insurance (ESI) Act 1948; The Minimum Wages Act 1948; the Employees’ Provident Funds Act 1952; the Payment of Bonus Act 1965 etc.
  3. Absence of database providing details of migrant workers: The District Authority does not maintain any database regarding the number of migrant workers working in the ship – breaking yard. Regulations Violated: Chapter II of the Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979, specifies that the state government shall appoint a registering officer for the purpose of registering interstate migrant workmen. Ship-breaking industries continue to recruit migrant workers without registering under this Inter-State Migrant Workmen Act.

We can learn a lot from the forests, regrowth, change and beauty.

Forests are habitat to all wild animals, plants and support millions of species. They help in reducing global warming caused by green house gases and produces oxygen upon photosynthesis.

Forest can act as pollution purifier by absorbing toxic gases. Forest not only helps in soil conservation but also helps to regulate the hydrological cycle.

Forests contribute substantially to the national economy. With increasing population increased demand of fuel wood, expansion of area under urban development and industries has lead to over exploitation of forest.

At present international level we are losing forest at the rate of 1.7 crore hectares annually. Overexploitation also occurs due to overgrazing and conversion of forest to pastures for domestic use.

Forest is one of the most valuable resources and thus needs to be conserved. To conserve forest, following steps should be taken.

  1. Conservation of forest is a national problem, thus it should be tackled with perfect coordination between concerned government departments.
  2. People should be made aware of importance of forest and involved in forest conservation activities.
  3. The cutting of trees in the forests for timber should be stopped.
  4. A forestation programmes should be launched
  5. Grasslands should be regenerated.
  6. Forest conservation Act should be strictly implemented to check deforestation.
  7. Awards should be instituted for the deserving.

Forest is important renewable resources. Forest vary in composition and diversity and can contribute substantially to the economic development of any country.

Plants along with trees cover large areas, produce variety of products and provide food for living organisms, and also important to save the environment.

It is estimated that about 30% of world area is covered by forest whereas 26% by pastures. Among all continents, Africa has largest forested area (33%) followed by Latin America (25%), whereas in North America forest cover is only 11%. Asia and former USSR has 14% area under forest.

European countries have only 3% area under forest cover. India’s Forest Cover accounts for 20.6% of the total geographical area of the country as of 2005.

WHAT IS TRAGEDY?

Drama presents fiction or fact in a form that could be acted before an audience. It is imitation by action and speech. A play has a plot, characters, atmosphere and conflict. Unlike a novel, which is read in private, a play is intended to be performed in public. Traditionally drama is divided into two categories tragedy and comedy. Tragedy deals with the dark side of the life and the other with its light side. In tragedy the characters are involved in circumstances and situations that force them towards an unhappy end. Thus a tragedy usually ends in happiness for the central characters and sometimes in their death.

HOW TRAGEDY WAS ORIGINATED:

In ancient Greece both tragedy and comedy originated in the rustic festivals which were held in honour of the nature-god Dionysus. Tragedy dealt with the more somber aspects of life exemplified by the stories and legends chosen from mythology. In ancient Greece, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripedes composed tragedies. Traditionally a tragedy required an exposition and complication or conflict, a climax or crisis, a denouement or resolution and a catastrophe at the end.

ARISTOTLE ABOUT TRAGEDY:

Aristotle thought that tragedy was the noblest form of literature. He laid down certain percepts to be followed by the tragic poet. They form the basis of the classical approach to tragedy. According to this a tragedy should have a plot, characters, structure and spectacle, catastrophe and catharsis. Only lives of famous and powerful men like kings and warriors were fit subjects for tragedy. The sufferings and death of such characters raves about their common plane evoked pitty and terror in the mind of the spectators. Aristotle spoke of the effect of tragedy as the evocation of pity and awe and the achievement of catharsis or cleansing of our emotions. However in the great tragedies of Marlowe and Shakespeare the insistence on great themes and illustrious persons was often violated. In modern times we have several tragedies of low and humble life.

HOW TRAGEDY AND COMEDY ARE SAME?

Like comedy, tragedy also aims giving pleasure. The pleasure tragedy provides is of a lofty order. The spectacle of a noble character caught in the cause of circumstances presented with artistrt of language raise higher passions in the spectators. The effect is rather exalted and enabled rather than distressing.

TYPES OF TRAGEDY:

Tragedy can be divided into two types the classical and romantic.

The Classical tragedy: It was based on Greek inventions like the observance of the unity of time, unity of action and unity of place and the employment of the chorus. The classical tragedy dealt with the great legends of mythical age, its chief characters were majestic heroes. An ideal tragic which was maintained in the dialogue and the rendering was marked by a stateliness and nobility of expression.

The Romantic tragedy: it reach its perfection in Shakespeare was not always limited by the observance of the three unities. It also dispensed with the chorus. In the romantic tragedy the plot may stretch over a long period of time there; may be subplots and there is usually mixing up of tragic and comic elements. That Romantic tragedy is generally concerned with matters remote from ordinary life. It is both a idealistic and realistic. It is not written to a set pattern and is never didactic. On the basis of themes there were several types of tragedy is like the horror and revenge tragedy of Kyd and Webster, heroic tragedies of Dryden and the domestic tragedies of George Lillo.

The Elizabethan Romantic tragedy was essentially poetic. However in the 18th century poetry give place to prose. In the 20th century poetic drama has been revived in the plays of W.B. Yeats, T.S. Eliot and Christopher Fry.

The 8 Best Healthy Foods to Gain Weight Fast

1.Dried fruit

Dried fruit is packed with calories, healthy fiber, and antioxidants. It’s an easy way to add nutrients and calories to your diet.

2.Whole grain bread

Whole grain breads can be effective in gaining weight, especially when combined with a good protein source.

3.Avocados

Avocados are full of healthy fats and nutrients. They’re versatile and can be added to many different meals or eaten on their own.

4.Healthy cereals

Eating cereal can be a great way to gain weight and consume more fiber. However, stick to healthier forms such as oatmeal.

5.Cereal bars

Stick to cereal bars that have whole grains and other healthy ingredients, such as dried fruit and nuts.

6.Dark chocolate

Dark chocolate is packed with antioxidants and other nutrients, along with plenty of calories to help you gain weight.

7.Cheese

Cheese is a very good source of protein and rich in healthy fats. Add it to meals if you need a calorie and flavor boost.

8.Whole eggs

Eggs are one of the best foods for building muscle. There’s no limit to the number you should eat in a day, and they’re full of nutrients.

COMMON TRAIT OF EVERY HIGH-ACHIEVER

The world we live in is fast and busy. We always have new content to consume, new information to process, and new decisions to make. But even if the world demands us to make quick choices, sometimes being patient and still is the best thing, that can be pretty hard. However, sometimes, patience will help us reach success.

If you are just learning a new skill, you need to be patient and give yourself time to practice and improve. You won’t become good enough tomorrow and, if you try to use it, it might backfire.

Don’t hurry things along – they need to take their own time and happen when the moment is right.

Patience alone is not enough to achieve success. However, without it, you will be hard pressed to achieve anything at all.
Good things take time. You need to work hard and wait for the results to show themselves.

Patience can give you the strength to hold on even when things are tough. It allows you to remember that everything is temporary and wait the storm out.

Patience allows you to wait until your work shows its results. It prevents you from premature decisions and rash behaviors that can hurt your chances for success.

Just be still and observe and you might notice a lot more than you would have expected. Taking some time before acting can allow you to recognize new solutions and prevent you from doing a harmful thing.

Patience brings its rewards in every aspect of our lives. It can truly work wonders.

Even if the world is loud and fast, slow yourself down. Be patient and be still and see what changes within you. See what you can recognize when you allow yourself to just watch and wait.

Patience is essential for any kind of success, as nothing happens overnight. Reap the benefits by allowing yourself to wait and let things happen at the right time, without forcing them to occur.

RECIPES TO PROMOTE WEIGHT LOSS (DESI-VERSION)

Our diet plays a crucial role in the process of weight loss and having a well-balanced diet and some mind-full eating in regulated portions is always the key for healthy and fit body. It might not be as difficult as it may sound if you start with a little patience and consistency. Sometimes a Subtle tweak here and there in diet is absolutely fine!

Here are few recipes which works out for weight loss journey

TURMERIC TEA

Turmeric consists of a powerful ingredient called as ‘curcumin’ which basically is the main active ingredient in turmeric that aids in cutting down the body fat. ‘Curcumin’ plays a major role to help suppress the fat but it does not fully absorb in the body. To make absorption work other ingredients such as black pepper is made use of. Therefore, this detoxifying drink makes the body light as well as helps cut down the excess fat if used regularly.

Recipe link:-  https://yummyindiankitchen.com/turmeric-tea-recipe-for-weight-loss/#how-does-it-help-in-belly-fat-loss

OATS KHICHDI

India’s favorite comfort food made into a high-protein, healthy one! Brimming with the goodness of oats, moong dal, carrot, green peas, tomatoes, chilies and olive oil, this hearty bowl of khichdi is sure to leave you healthy, happy and satiated

Recipe link :   https://food.ndtv.com/recipe-oats-khichdi-951242

FENUGREEK SOUP

Fenugreek seeds are rich source for vitamins, minerals and poly-nutrients .It is also rich in vital vitamins such as thiamine, pyridoxine, vitamin A , vitamin C and other essential nutrients for optimum health.

Recipe link : https://simpleindianrecipes.com/Home/FenugreekSproutsSoup.aspx

CARAMEL MAKHNA

Makhanas are popularly known as lotus seeds, fox nuts, Euryale ferox, gorgon nuts and phool makhana. It’s actually the puffed lotus seeds or the puffed fox nuts that has high nutritional and medicinal values

Recipe link :- https://www.indianveggiedelight.com/caramel-makhana-recipe/

Remember to always fill your plate with good amount of veggies, greens and fruits. Drink loads of water and buttermilk. If possible take a 20-30 min walk or jog because it speeds up the process of weight loss.

Why is it necessary to have a hobby?

It is necessary to have a hobby that helps us to grow as a person. Every individual is unique and that’s why interests and hobbies are different and the best way to develop a new is hobby is by trying something new. And the more we explore new things the more in-depth knowledge we gain. Hobbies not only helps us to manage our leisure time productively but also allows us to learn new skills.

There are endless benefits of having a hobby some of which are described below:

De-stress your mind:

  • Hobbies allow you to enhance your lifestyle and distress yourself while remaining mentally productive.
  • Having hobbies is always good for health as it reduces the risk of hypertension and depression.
  • Taking out your time and doing something that you love always puts us in a good mood and rejuvenate your mind and help prepare you to handle challenges in the future in a better way.
  • Hobbies that include physical activities create chemical changes in your body that help to reduce stress. 
  • Hobbies refocus your mind on to something that you enjoy doing.

Social interaction

  • Hobbies are a great way to meet people who enjoy doing the same things as you.
  • There’s nothing more rewarding than finding a person with the same interests– it puts friendship on the fast track.
  • The internet provides numerous groups and forums to connect with people that enjoy doing the same things that you want to do.

Enhances creativity

  • The skill of being creative is today’s necessity. It helps us grow as an individual.
  • Some hobbies require creativity and if you develop creativity through your hobby, it can be beneficial. 
  • Creativity can help you experience new things at school and work.

Builds up Self-confidence.

  • It can take some time to develop your hobby so that you may be able to tell that you are skilled. But, the journey of experiencing your hobby is very rewarding in itself.
  • With the exposure to different types of activities these days, it doesn’t matter which activity you choose. Whether you are pursuing a craft, sports, skill development, your hobby should allow you feel like you are good at something you like. That is where your confidence level starts to boost up.
  • If you’re good at something, you’ll start feeling pretty confident in yourself and this is precisely what hobbies encourage.

There are so many activities that one can count on as a hobby such as cooking, crafting, baking, sewing, fishing, gardening, writing, hiking, the list is endless. No matter which idea you choose to go with, there is no better day to start than today.

References:

Why Hobbies Are Important
https://www.skilledatlife.com/why-hobbies-are-important/

https://online.kettering.edu/news/2019/04/15/why-hobbies-are-important

https://www.peaceinnovation.com/blog/working-to-live-the-importance-of-hobbies?format=amp

Have we ever wondered what the life of an orphan is like?

We feel how much trouble we are in, there are many problems in our life. But have we ever thought about whether we can live like orphans, can we live without our family, can we live without home , Will we be able to live without the love of our loved ones?

If we do not know the answer to all this, then we should talk to the orphans, ask them how it is to be an orphan. How sad to be an orphan. We often forget in our troubles that we have the greatest thing in the world and that is our family. We have got recognition from family, we have got family support, we have got a home to live in, we have got love for our loved ones, we have got the companion of every sorrow and happiness, we have got the strength to fight with every problem. And those who are orphans have not even got all this, whose children they are, they do not even know who their mother and father are, who is their family. No one is going to stand in the happiness and sorrow of orphans, our society does not give them so much respect considering them as orphans. They do not adopt them by saying what caste they belong to.


You all know that if we fall, we can also stand up because our family will be our support. But if the orphan falls, he will move forward thin kingly because there is no one to support him. That’s why most of the orphans think that they should become very rich so that they will get the respect. Often when we are angry, we get into a fight with our family, then we think that if we were orphans today, then live our life according to our own. But being orphan does not mean that we can live our life according to our own accord. Because being an orphan is to live a life of our own accord, then we think wrongly, we should see that when they do not have food them, they are suffering from hunger, Like us, are not able to wear good clothes, like us, are not able to celebrate festivals with our families. They don’t even have their own house to sleep with at night. But orphanages have also been opened for orphan children, Many institutions have been opened for orphan children. And there are many orphanages who give a lot of love and support to the orphan children.

And in today’s time animals also roam orphans, orphanages have also been opened for the elderly people of our house to serve them.

In today’s time it is true that problems come in everyone’s life, we do not have time But we should spare some time for the orphan children, we should help them as much as we can and if we really want to help orphans, then we should help orphans for their studies. Because if we help them in their studies, it will be useful for their whole life. Because food and money ends when the time comes, but knowledge as it never ends, knowledge it is such a wealth that keeps on increasing with time.

So please, if we are able to help orphans in their studies, then we must do so because giving knowledge to an orphan is like donating in a temple.