The fossils are the preserved remains of animals,plants or their parts found in various strata of earth.Fossils may be of entire organisms or a part which got burried,a mould or cast,foot prints or imprints of a leaf on a stone.
Fossilization : Fossils can result by several methods.However these methods are purely accident.There are many methods of fossilization.
1) Petrifaction:It is the commonest method.In this method dead and buried organisms turn into stones.This is due to formation of sedimentary rocks under water.While the soft parts disappear due to decaying,hard parts get preserved due to mineralisation.The preservation happens in the original strata.
2) Petrifaction of soft parts:Under certain conditions muscles and other soft organs may get mineralised and form rocky fossils.Several such plant fossils had been obtained.
3) Preservation of foot prints: Moving animals on soft mud can leave foot prints.These prints,if left undisturbed,can get hardened and form rocky fossils.A study of such imprints can provide clues regarding the body form and characteristics of the extinct animal.
4)Moulds and casts:Fossilized moulds are found in volcanic ashes.Several invertebrate fossils had been obtained as moulds.They provide details about the exact physical features of the animal.
5) Fossilization in resins and Amber:Normally,insects get entangled in soft sticky secretions of trees called resin.The dried material can get Fossilized.These fossils can even reveal the colour of the organism.
6) Preservation in ice:Entire animals can get Frozen and may be preserved in ice.In such fossils the body parts remain intact without change.Fossils of woolly mammoth from Siberia are classical fossils of this nature.
7) Dating of fossils:The age of the fossils to a large extent can be assessed accurately,using radioisotope method.It is known that all elements exist as isotopes.Isotopes are atoms having slightly different atomic weights.eg c12 and c14.Some isotopes remain unstable.They undergo decay and release sub atomic alpha and beta particles till they become more stable.
The time required for the breakdown of half the given quantity of unstable isotope is called the half life.The half life of many isotopes is useful to assess the age of the rock accurately by measuring the ratio of unstable:stable nuclides.
Evolutionary significance of fossils
⭐Fossils tell us the full story of evolution.Fossil studies reveal the course of evolution.
⭐ Through fossils the origin and evolution of specific groups of organisms can be understood.eg.Hirse evolution.
⭐Fossils provide us clues regarding climatic conditions of various prehistoric periods.
⭐Study of fossils simplifies phylogenetic discussions.
⭐Some fossils like woolly mammoth can provide vital clues regarding genetical make up.
The dog wears a harness with a microphone that picks up its barks. The barks get processed through a device that determines what the dog is saying and then outputs it through speakers.
Raspberry Pi Zero is the affordable brain powering NerdStoke’s solution to this age-old human-and-pup problem. But writing code that could translate the multitude of frequencies coming out of a dog’s mouth when it barks was a trickier problem. NerdStoke tried to work it through on Twitch with fellow hobbyists, but alas, the original dream had to be modified.
The kit worked fine – it was the coding challenge that changed the course of this project
Spoiler alert: fast Fourier transforms did not work. You would need a clear, pure tone for that to work in a project like this, but as we said above, dogs bark in a rainbow of tones, pitches, and all the rest.
So what’s the solution?
Because of this, a time-based model was devised to predict what a dog is likely to be barking about at any given time of day. For example, if it’s early morning, they probably want to go out to pee. But if it’s mid-morning, they’re probably letting you know the postman has arrived and is trying to challenge your territory by pushing thin paper squares through the flap in your front door. It’s a dangerous world out there, and dogs just want to protect us.
Nerdstoke had his good friend record some appropriate soundbites to go with each bark, depending on what time of day it happened. And now, Nugget the dog can tell you “I want to cuddle” or “Why aren’t you feeding me?”Same, Nugget, same
While the final project couldn’t quite translate the actual thoughts of a dog, we love the humour behind this halfway solution. And we reckon the product name, Holler Collar, would definitely sell.
The iPhone is a line of smartphone designed and introduce by apple inc.. that use apple’s iOS mobile operating system.the first generation of iPhone was announced by formar apple ceo Steve jobs on January 9th,2007 . Since then apple has annually released new iPhone models and iOS updates as of November 1 ,2018 , more the 2.2 billion iPhones are sold ..
Development of what was to become the iPhone become in 2004 , when apple started to gather a team of 1000 employees led by hardware engineer Tony fadell , software engineer scoot forstall and design engineer sir jonathn Lev to work on the highly confidential “project purple”. Apple ceo Steve jobs steered the original focus away the tablet towards a phone . Apple created the device during a secritive collaboration with Cingular wireless ( which becomes AT&T mobility) at the time _at an estimated development cost of us$150 million over thirty months according to Steve jobs “I”means “i mac” (and therefore “iPod “, “iPhone”, and” iPad “)which stands for individual , internet ,instruct , inform , and inspire
The iPhone runs an operating system known as iOS (formally iPhone os) . It is varient of the Darwin operating system core found in macos . Also included is the ” core animation ” software component from Mac os x v10.5 leopard . Together with the graphics hardware (and on the iPhone 3GS, openGL ES 2.0), it is responsible for the interfaces motion graphics.the iPhone comes with a set of bundled applications developed by apple , and supports downloading third party application through the app store .apple provides free updates to the operating system for the iPhone either wirelessly or through I tunes major new updates have historically accompined with new models
And then finally apple rejected the ” design by committee “
Global warming is the long-term heating of Earth’s climate system observed since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere.
What is global warming?
Since the Industrial Revolution, the global annual temperature has increased in total by a little more than 1 degree Celsius, or about 2 degrees Fahrenheit. Between 1880—the year that accurate recordkeeping began—and 1980, it rose on average by 0.07 degrees Celsius (0.13 degrees Fahrenheit) every 10 years. Since 1981, however, the rate of increase has more than doubled: For the last 40 years, we’ve seen the global annual temperature rise by 0.18 degrees Celsius, or 0.32 degrees Fahrenheit, per decade.
Now climate scientists have concluded that we must limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius by 2040 if we are to avoid a future in which everyday life around the world is marked by its worst, most devastating effects: the extreme droughts, wildfires, floods, tropical storms, and other disasters that we refer to collectively as climate change. These effects are felt by all people in one way or another but are experienced most acutely by the underprivileged, the economically marginalized, and people of color, for whom climate change is often a key driver of poverty, displacement, hunger, and social unrest.
What is the causes of global warming?
Global warming occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air pollutants collect in the atmosphere and absorb sunlight and solar radiation that have bounced off the earth’s surface. Normally this radiation would escape into space, but these pollutants, which can last for years to centuries in the atmosphere, trap the heat and cause the planet to get hotter. These heat-trapping pollutants—specifically carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and synthetic fluorinated gases—are known as greenhouse gases, and their impact is called the greenhouse effect.
Curbing dangerous climate change requires very deep cuts in emissions, as well as the use of alternatives to fossil fuels worldwide. The good news is that countries around the globe have formally committed—as part of the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement—to lower their emissions by setting new standards and crafting new policies to meet or even exceed those standards. The not-so-good news is that we’re not working fast enough. To avoid the worst impacts of climate change, scientists tell us that we need to reduce global carbon emissions by as much as 40 percent by 2030. For that to happen, the global community must take immediate, concrete steps: to decarbonize electricity generation by equitably transitioning from fossil fuel–based production to renewable energy sources like wind and solar; to electrify our cars and trucks; and to maximize energy efficiency in our buildings, appliances, and industries.
What are the effects of global warming?
Each year scientists learn more about the consequences of global warming, and each year we also gain new evidence of its devastating impact on people and the planet. As the heat waves, droughts, and floods associated with climate change become more frequent and more intense, communities suffer and death tolls rise. If we’re unable to reduce our emissions, scientists believe that climate change could lead to the deaths of more than 250,000 people around the globe every year and force 100 million people into poverty by 2030.
1). Disappearing glaciers, early snowmelt, and severe droughts will cause more dramatic water shortages and continue to increase the risk of wildfires in the American West.
2). Rising sea levels will lead to even more coastal flooding on the Eastern Seaboard, especially in Florida, and in other areas such as the Gulf of Mexico.
3). Forests, farms, and cities will face troublesome new pests, heat waves, heavy downpours, and increased flooding. All of these can damage or destroy agriculture and fisheries.
4). Disruption of habitats such as coral reefs and alpine meadows could drive many plant and animal species to extinction.
5).Allergies, asthma, and infectious disease outbreaks will become more common due to increased growth of pollen-producing ragweed, higher levels of air pollution, and the spread of conditions favorable to pathogens and mosquitoes.
Though everyone is affected by climate change, not everyone is affected equally. Indigenous people, people of color, and the economically marginalized are typically hit the hardest. Inequities built into our housing, health care, and labor systems make these communities more vulnerable to the worst impacts of climate change—even though these same communities have done the least to contribute to it.
How is global warming linked to extreme weather?
Scientists agree that the earth’s rising temperatures are fueling longer and hotter heat waves, more frequent droughts, heavier rainfall, and more powerful hurricanes.
In 2015, for example, scientists concluded that a lengthy drought in California—the state’s worst water shortage in 1,200 years—had been intensified by 15 to 20 percent by global warming. They also said the odds of similar droughts happening in the future had roughly doubled over the past century. And in 2016, the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine announced that we can now confidently attribute some extreme weather events, like heat waves, droughts, and heavy precipitation, directly to climate change.
The impacts of global warming are being felt everywhere. Extreme heat waves have caused tens of thousands of deaths around the world in recent years. And in an alarming sign of events to come, Antarctica has lost nearly four trillion metric tons of ice since the 1990s. The rate of loss could speed up if we keep burning fossil fuels at our current pace, some experts say, causing sea levels to rise several meters in the next 50 to 150 years and wreaking havoc on coastal communities worldwide.
Is the United States doing anything to prevent global warming?
We’ve started. But in order to avoid the worsening effects of climate change, we need to do a lot more—together with other countries—to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and transition to clean energy sources.
Under the administration of President Donald Trump (a man who falsely referred to global warming as a “hoax”), the United States withdrew from the Paris Climate Agreement, rolled back or eliminated dozens of clean-air protections, and opened up federally managed lands, including culturally sacred national monuments, to fossil fuel development. Although President Biden has pledged to get the country back on track, years of inaction during and before the Trump administration—and our increased understanding of global warming’s serious impacts—mean we must accelerate our efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
President Biden has made action on global warming a high priority. On his first day in office, he recommitted the United States to the Paris Climate Agreement, sending the world community a strong signal that we were determined to join other nations in cutting our carbon pollution to support the shared goal of preventing the average global temperature from rising more than 1.5 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels. (Scientists say we must stay below a 2-degree increase to avoid catastrophic climate impacts.) And significantly, the president has assembled a climate team of experts and advocates who have been tasked with pursuing action both abroad and at home while furthering the cause of environmental justice and investing in nature-based solutions.
Is global warming too big a problem for me to help tackle?
No! While we can’t win the fight without large-scale government action at the national level, we also can’t do it without the help of individuals who are willing to use their voices, hold government and industry leaders to account, and make changes in their daily habits.
Wondering how you can be a part of the fight against global warming? Reduce your own carbon footprint by taking a few easy steps: Make conserving energy a part of your daily routine and your decisions as a consumer. When you shop for new appliances like refrigerators, washers, and dryers, look for products with the government’s ENERGY STAR® label; they meet a higher standard for energy efficiency than the minimum federal requirements. When you buy a car, look for one with the highest gas mileage and lowest emissions. You can also reduce your emissions by taking public transportation or carpooling when possible.
It’s not a surprise to come across a comment or an opinion that is often made on the character of an individual based on their clothes. It’s been a long going tradition, especially one where pre-defined ‘ethics’ have already pre-conditioned the minds of many that it’s not easy to escape from such an opinion.
When a girl is in a bikini, she is tagged as a prostitute. If a male wears feminine-looking clothes, he is tagged as a transgender or gay. A woman who chooses to wear shirts and pants unlike the traditionally viewed girls’ clothes, they are praised as tomboys. From Clothes defining character, to clothes defining gender, to clothes defining opinion, the chain of link between clothes and humans don’t seem to end.
Often under the hood of this orthodox opinion some people even go on to ‘police’ someone’s cloth choices while being condescending and prejudiced. Clothes have been exploited as a way to define someone’s character, someone’s gender or someone’s life in a nutshell. These pre-conditioned orthodox views have been passed down from generations to generations for so long that even after learning about it, unlearning this becomes tough.
From being commented by India’s well-off leaders about jeans and skirts being arousing to that common gasping stares of people when you walk out with shorts, all of them not only degrade one’s life quality but also restrain them from opportunities that they’d like to explore.
Now, it’s possible that you may argue about how clothes are one of the essentials of human life and it’s inevitable to not link clothes with character? If clothes were not meant for character reflection, then why do places such as offices, schools, etc. have a dress code? Shouldn’t we all should be allowed to wear a bikini at work?
To quench your curiosity let me reveal a little fact to you. Dress-codes actually emerged to enhance team-spirit and comfortable environment and fit for the individuals. It was meant to improve the feeling of ‘belonging’ together among the members. However, this too strayed from it’s path of goal and ended up as being one of the traditionally forced ethics. But the focus of the article is not the history. It’s the present. It is because of this orthodox view that dress-codes which started out as a way to provide comfort actually became a ‘moral police’ baton. Skin-revealing clothes started became tagged as modern and this modern-ness a trolling weapon for many orthodox people.
So, what’s the solution to this cloth-character problem?
Here are some things that you can do!
Unlearn – This is definitely the most needed solution. To unlearn. Unless we re-teach ourselves the basis of what makes a person a good person, (which btw aren’t clothes) none of this will ever change. Mahatma Gandhi once said, ‘Be the change you want to see.’ And it is indeed true. Start with you. Your values. Your views. Teach yourself how clothes don’t have a gender and neither a character.
Unresponsive to people holding orthodox views – Instead of trying your best to change some orthodox person’s view, who is unyielding and strongly stupid, the best you can do is ignore them. Ignore their comments and don’t let your blood boil. It’s not easy to unlearn. And what’s more tough is to let go of your wrong convictions if that’s what’s you’ve been conditioned with the whole life.
Express your views – This may sound conflicting but give it a read. You need to express your views about how cloth-character assumption is wrong and why it is so. This is because unless you will tell them, no one ever will. They won’t know that a view opposite to theirs can exist. So you be the opposite one. But never waste your time by continuously pestering them with your views. You know how the saying goes, ‘A dog’s twisted tail will always remain twisted.’ So, don’t waste your energy on such people.
Teach the kids – Just like how we and the previous generations have been conditioned with some wrong views, you can start on the right foot by teaching the kids the difference and the right thing about what defines a good human character. And it’s definitely not the clothes.
We’ve heard the ‘Don’t Judge a Book by its Cover’ and ‘Don’t Judge a Song by its Language’. Now, it’s time that we also learn; ‘Don’t Judge a Character by its Clothes’.
The record of occurrence of a trait in several generations of a human family is called pedigree analysis. The inheritance of a particular trait is represented in the family tree over generations.
Mendelian Disorders
Mendelian disorders are mainly determined by alteration or mutation in the single gene. Mendelian disorders can be traced in a family by the pedigree analysis.
Most common and prevalent Mendelian disorders are :
Haemophilia
Cystic fibrosis
Sickle-cell anaemia
Colour blindness
Phenylketonuria
Thalesemia
Haemophilia
This sex linked recessive disease, which shows its transmission from unaffected carrier female to some of the male progeny has been widely studied. In this disease, a single protein that is a part of the cascade of proteins involved in the clotting of blood is affected. Due to this, in an affected individual a simple cut will result in non- stop bleeding.
The heterozygous female (carrier) for haemophilia may transmit the disease to sons. The possibility of a female becoming a haemophilic is extremely rare because mother of such a female has to be at last carrier and the father should be haemophilic.
Sickle-cell anaemia
This is an autosome linked recessive trait that can be transmitted from parents to the offspring when both the partners are carrier for the gene(or heterozygous). Heterozygous individuals appear apparently unaffected but they are carrier of the disease as there is 50 per cent probability of transmission of the mutant gene to the progeny, thus exhibiting sickle-cell trait.
The defect is caused by the substitution of Glutamic acid by Valine at the sixth position of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule.
Phenylketonuria
This inborn error of metabolism is also inherited as the autosomal recessive trait.the affected individual lacks an enzyme that converts the amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine. As a result of this phenylalanine is accumulated and converted into phenylpyruvic acid and other derivatives.
Accumulation of these in brain results in mental retardation. These are also excreted through urine because of its poor absorption of kidney.
Chromosomal Disorders
The chromosomal disorders on the other hand are caused due to absence or excess or abnormal arrangement of one or more chromosomes. Failure of segregation of chromatids during cell division cycle results in the rain or loss of a chromosome, called Aneuploidy. Failure of cytokinesis after telophase stage of cell division results in an increase in a whole set of chromosomes in an organism and this phenomenon is known as Polyploidy.
Down’s Syndrome
The cause of this genetic disorders is the presence of an additional copy of the chromosome number 21.
The affected individual is short statured with small round head, furrowed tongue and partially open mouth. Palm is broad with characteristic palm crease. Physical, psychomotor and mental development is retarded.
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
This genetic disorder is also caused due to the presence of an additional copy of X-chromosome resulting into a karyotype of 47, XXY. Such an individual has overall masculine development, however, the feminine development (development of breast) is also expressed. Such individuals are sterile.
Turner’s Syndrome
Such a disorder is caused due to the absence of one of the X chromosomes, i.e., 45 with X0. Such females are sterile as ovaries are rudimentary besides other features including lack of other secondary sexual characters.
There many programming languages in this world written in many languages. Different companies uses different programming languages. What is actually a programming language ? A programming language is a set of commands, instructions and other syntaxes to computer to perform a specific task. In this blog, I am going to tell you the most popular and top programming languages in this world.
PYTHON
There is no doubt that python is the number one programming language. Python is powerful and easy language to learn. It is very easy to read and understand. Python is the trending programming language in the world. It is the favorite language for many beginners. Python is used in many trending subjects like Artificial Intelligence, Data Science and Machine Learning. It has great libraries like Numpy, PyTorch, Pandas which makes machine learning very easy. In python, you can easily find bug or error in your code. It is used for scientific and computational applications like FreeCad and Abacus. The popular websites like Google, MicrosoftYouTube, Pinterest, and Instagram use it. The average salary of python developer is $100,000.
2. JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript is thought to be the most consistentprogramming language, because it demand never goes off. You can use JavaScript to build web applications, desktop apps, mobile apps and many more. Millions of the websites in the internet depend on JavaScript. Giant tech companies like Google, Facebook, Microsoft and Uber use JavaScript. JavaScript is best option for you along with HTML and CSS. The average salary of JavaScript developer is $84,000.
3. JAVA
Java is a popular programming language since 2000’s. Java is a independent platform runs on a virtual machine(JVM). Just like python, java is also easy to learn. Java is fundamentally object-oriented. Those who want to learn android development, then java is right option for you. Java language is continuing creating new jobs in tech field. Giant companies like Google, Amazon and YouTube use java. Around 40 percent of developers use java. The average salary of java developer is $80,000.
4. C / C++
C language is considered to be the mother of all other programming languages. C is a perfect language for a beginner to learn. Comparing to the other languages c just have 32 keywords. Being one of the oldest programming language it demand hasn’t down yet. Around 23 percent of the developers use C language. Giant tech companies like Google, Apple, intel use C / C++. The average salary of a C / C++ developer is $78,000.
5. KOTLIN
Kotlin is a open source and general purpose language. Within short period of time it gained full popularity. According to a survey Kotlin is one of the fivemostpopularlanguage. Kotlin is best language for android development. Kotlin is designed to interoperate fully with java and JVM version of Kotlin library. Around 60 percent of the android developersare using Kotlin. Some of the most popular apps that are built using Kotlin are Tinder, Square, Evernote. Giant tech companies that use Kotlin are Google, Amazon, Netflix and many more. The average salary of a Kotlin developer is $77,000.
All these are the most popular and top programming languages. If you like my work, please like it and rate it. Thank you.
The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
A thing in the internet of things can be a person with a heart monitor implant, a farm animal with a biochip transponder, an automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the driver when tire pressure is low or any other natural or man-made object that can be assigned an Internet Protocol (IP) address and is able to transfer data over a network.
An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded systems, such as processors, sensors and communication hardware, to collect, send and act on data they acquire from their environments. IoT devices share the sensor data they collect by connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge device where data is either sent to the cloud to be analyzed or analyzed locally. Sometimes, these devices communicate with other related devices and act on the information they get from one another. The devices do most of the work without human intervention, although people can interact with the devices — for instance, to set them up, give them instructions or access the data.
Do you want to become an avid reader? But you don’t seem to find the zeal to sit and start a book? Or do you not like to read at all? Well, maybe it’s because you have been submerging through the wrong bookshelves, and are yet to find the right direction to your world of imagination, adventure and learning.
At a young age, we hear and read many short stories, comics or fairy tales from our elders. Those books are filled with colorful illustrations, beautiful fonts and simple language to attract us and give shape to our imagination. But as we grow up the books become more black and white with tough vocabulary and equal to no pictures. Along with a wider choice to look from. Due to this and the lack of encouragement from our surroundings, we tend to give up on our reading habits and conclude it to be boring eventually.
But isn’t that the very reason why the books become so? So that as we grow up, we fill our own colors, illustrations, and meaning to the words written by the authors in our minds; develop our power of imagination, expand our dictionary and deepen our journey between the lines. And soon become a sailor to the treasure of words, in an island of books brimming with adventure and experiences. The best part being, there is absolutely no age restriction to pick up a book and give some exercise to your brain. You can be 45 and still love to read rom-com or learn a new language!! The books aren’t judging you after all.
So, before you buy a book, it is necessary to find the ‘right book’ for you and this requires some research to be done to make a smart and worthy purchase. To begin with, know your purpose to buy a particular book because this helps you to be motivated throughout the reading. For instance, if you have a role model in life you can opt for their biography or autobiography, or if you want to polish any of your skills you can go for self-help books. Likewise, there are many other genres, such as – action and adventure, romance, classics, comic books, detective and mystery, fantasy, historical fiction, etc. The next step is to keep in mind your budget. These days, much to our advantage, we can find books both online (e-books) or offline, new or used, paid or free on various apps and bookstores. Google it! You can even borrow books from a local or school library just in case you don’t want to spend money on your first purchase. Furthermore, it is always recommended to check for book reviews and summaries online or through friends, to avoid impulsive buying just by finding the cover page attractive. Once you have brought down the list to a minimum number by following the above steps, you are ready to make the final purchase with confidence! In the end, make sure that when you sit down to read, have a pencil/pen/highlighter to mark your favorite quotes or lines or unfamiliar words, even a diary to note them down and remember in the long run. Do not forget to have a beverage on the side!
Stick to these tips and no one is stopping you from being an avid reader and to live a thousand lives. Learn from other’s experiences. Find yourself and your peace of mind. And become a better person with every book you close with a little heavy heart but many more beautiful memories swirling in your mind.
🌟The relationship between the two British colonies of Natal and Cape Colony and the two independent Boer states of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State had long been unfriendly. 🌟The discovery of gold in Transvaal ,in 1886 ,led to large numbers of British miners settling in and around Johannesburg.
🌟The Boers hated these people whom they referred to as Uitlanders. 🌟The Boers taxed them heavily apart from denying political rights. 🌟The question was whether the British or the Boers were to be Supreme in South Africa.
🌟Fearing attacks from the British, the Boers armed themselves and decided to attack. 🌟The Boer War lasted for three years,1899 – 1902. 🌟Initially, the Boers were successful.But by the first half of 1900,the Boer army was defeated. 🌟Pretoria was occupied.
🌟The Boers took to guerrilla fighting. 🌟In retaliation the British destroyed farms and crops. 🌟They set up internment camps for Boer women and children. Shortage of food,medical and sanitary facilities caused the death of 26,000 people.
🌟The British annexed the two Boer states. Boers were however promised self-government in due course. 🌟In 1907 full responsible government was given to the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. 🌟The four states formed into a union and the South Africa Act passed by the British Parliament in 1909 provided for a Union Parliament at Cape Town. The Union of South Af6came into being in May 1910.
The home were the new end and the new beginning starts. Those known faces gonna fade away and the new ones gonna blossom.
Think of the very first day your family leaving you in that situation, it is the foot prints that are drawn with the sharpen nail on your cardiac heart and that may be the inner scars that will never fade away for those left.
They said the room is air conditioned, with the good foods and snacks and with other stuffs. They also gave them someone who gonna take care that alone souls. Everything was fine but the orphan souls don’t have the ability to accept these painful lists. The silent is the hiking king here.
Though the visitors are welcome, but their sobbing eyes and the kind face towards them was both healing and killing them a side as they visit.
The four walls with the spinning fan always used to remember them of their blissful spinning year’s out the orphanage home.
And of course they got the new friends, who have experienced the same feeling’s at different clips at their own spinning time’s.
Most of their final wish was to set their soul rest with the setting sun, but sun never thought of taking them these evening’s. The nature is the master here to have them or not.
The counting day’s are the only hobby of the unknown orphan there. It say’s at times the orphan disease is ok but being orphan is worst, even the disease have the drug but not them.
Seeing the funding agencies, NGO’s, government funding and of course the common human’s help towards these places makes the humanity to live. The every drop fall’s from the eye and the every curve the mouth makes say’s the words that sound could not.
Every orphanage home is the place were the innocent soul lives and every blessed child’s live, it is not just a place but the home were the unknow makes the new family and friends.
• Attack, via cyberspace – targets an enterprise’s use of cyberspace for the purpose of disrupting, disabling, destroying, or maliciously controlling a computing environment/infrastructure or destroying the integrity of the data or stealing controlled information.
• Leads to loss of money, theft of personal information, theft of financial and medical information – damages reputation and safety.
• common types – Malware, Phishing, Man-in-the- middle attack, Denial-of-service attack, SQL injection etc.
Malwares
• Malicious software.
• Software installed on a victim’s computer without consent.
• Compromises the operation of a system by performing an unauthorized function or process.
• Breaches a network through a vulnerability – typically when a user clicks a dangerous link or email attachment → installs risky software.
• Includes spyware, ransomware, viruses, and worms.
Ransomware
• A type of malware – prevents from accessing someone’s computer or data on it.
• Encrypts files on a device and blocks access to key components of the network.
• Result – computer becomes locked or the data is stolen, deleted or encrypted.
• Extortion attack – payment demanded to unlock the computer or access the data. Victim asked to contact the attacker via an anonymous email address or follow instructions on an anonymous web page. Payment demanded in a cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin • Impact: Loss of money. devastating to an individual or organization. severely impacts business processes.
Most people feel disappointed when they see the most famous painting in the world “Mona Lisa”. Questions like ‘Why is this painting famous?’, ‘Is it worthy enough to be called a masterpiece?’, ‘What makes her unique?’ arise in the minds of hundreds. But if we ignore it all and just look at the painting, we see the greatest psychological portrait ever painted. A portrait that is much more ahead of time that we are still trying to figure out.
Leonardo da Vinci in his sixties moved to the Chateau of Amboise in France with his sketchbooks and one painting “The Mona Lisa”. Because he knows how important the painting was for him.
Leonardo is one of the greatest inquisitive minds in history, a self-made man with an unquenchable appetite for knowledge, and dedicated his life to studying anatomy, geology, and philosophy.
Leonardo da Vinci
The Painting
Mona Lisa was painted on a thin-grained piece of a poplar tree and a layer of lead white. He used glazes that have a very small amount of pigment mixed with the oil. This brought depth and luminosity as the white undercoat of lead reflects the light through the glazes. He used tiny brushstrokes applied super slowly over years. Leonardo pioneered many brushing techniques which brought the paint to life.
Mona Lisa
Clothes and Jewelry
Unlike any other commissioned portraits of the aristocracy we usually see with expensive outfits, Mona Lisa is a pretty simple wealthy woman with no jewelry, clothes that are nothing special, and simple hair.
Leonardo uses the classic pyramid-shaped composition that was introduced during the renaissance. The structure provides stability and provides a central focus. In this painting, the focus is directed towards her face.
Portrait of Mona Lisa without jewelry
Portrait of Maddalena Strozzi with jewelry.
What makes her different?
Instead of a full-length pose, Leonardo had painted Mona Lisa in a three-quarter length to cut down the distractions. Today this pose is normal but on those days it was groundbreaking. Previously the people in the portrait are erect, but Mona Lisa is relaxed with hands resting gently.
If you look at Mona Lisa’s eyes you see they are staring at you, but women in paintings never did that. The background of any other portrait has a simple background of either an open sky or a room but the background of the Mona Lisa is a complex aerial perspective of a landscape. The curves of her hair and clothing reflect the valleys and river flowing connecting humanity and nature. If you look at the background and compare the horizons on both sides you see it is not lined up. This visual trick gives an illusion of movement.
erect portrait with plane background
erect portrait with room background
level of horizons
Her eyes and smile follows you
Leonardo has used the Sfumato technique to paint Mona Lisa’s eyes. It creates a depth near the eyes of Mona Lisa which is unusual in the case of other paintings and sculptures. Leonardo has studied human anatomy, the structure of a human face, and smiles exposing the muscles and nerves. He started researching how a smile works and analyzed every possible movement of the face. Artists never painted a smiling face before, portraits are generally serious. When you look into her eyes first she smiles then she is not. The smile comes and goes as we look deep into her face. When we look away smile stays.
Leonardo from his optic studies observed that the light comes and hits the whole retina instead of hitting at one point. This was the key to her mysterious smile.
The human eye has two different regions for seeing the world one is a central area called the fovea(to read colors) and the other is the peripheral area(to see the black and white motion and shadows). When we focus on the eyes the peripheral vision is on the smile and pick up the shadows from her cheekbones. When you look at her smile directly you cannot see the shadows, and she isn’t smiling but smirking. This is not your imagination, but it is about how you see.
Her eye’s on you!Inner part of the eye
Sfumato technique
Sfumato is a blending technique for softening the transition between colors to make sure there are no sharp lines, layer by layer he blended everything in Sfumato style.
Chiaroscuro
chiaroscuro is an effect of contrasted light and shadow that gives a 3D effect.
These styles were never seen before Mona Lisa. Hence, seeing Mona Lisa for the first time must have been astonishing. How genius Leonardo da Vinci is that he understood this 500 years ago.
The fascinating crowd says it all. Every place has its own specialty when it comes to Delhi. Every market has something different and every café is party-fit.
The busy roads, rushing vehicles, exciting views and active population -less to describe but highlight main features of a city like Delhi where all day work and each night parties prevail. It’s a dream of many to have a residence in Delhi but the property rates here are devastating. After all, it’s the capital of India and hence the center point of all political dramas. Trade is also a salient feature of Delhi-not because we have best of the workers but more because we are dependent on neighbouring states to get our basic supplies. But we do have excellent business men which is somehow a reason for the deteriorating conditions of such cities. Wonder how? Lets focus on the selfish class of people for this, who, for their own well being, are ready to sacrifice the welfare of the lower sections of the society. They charge high for the services but pay considerably less to the workers. Isn’t it shameful for educated youth to indulge in such destructing activities! Everywhere there’s a race going on where nobody wants to be left behind which is quite a reason behind these practices. The unreachable property rates, caste discrimination, peer pressure, recognition of family background, and many more of such aspects define the drawbacks of living in a city a Delhi. These make up for the increasing stress levels and reason why people plan vacations at less crowded locations or some even migrate. Yes it can be this annoying to continuously live in between a crowd.
What’s healing here, is however, exigent. You cannot miss out on the delicious food once you visit the place. It offers the delicacies of the country at one place under beautifully decorated roofs of the cafes and restaurant which compel you to always have some more! The management and execution they offer don’t let you take leave of the place. Not only the well established food centers gain attention, but the street food points too are famous for their taste. You will always find a crowd especially at such vendors’. From local to regional to international, you will get what you want.
The visitors’ destination are also well known in Delhi. There are many historical monuments and beautiful, famous gardens attracting tourists worldwide. The markets are always eye catching. You can see hand-made crafts as well as sophisticated items being sold extensively in different markets of Delhi. It’s the benefit of being the center of attraction as a city. People from various states come to offer their goods for sale here bringing on the speciality of varied regions . The trade fair is the festival to celebrate in Delhi. The well set up institutional buildings are dreamy to look at. From schools to colleges to industry set up, people work hard to get the best of the best! It’s a lot competitive to stay in the business and very difficult entry for freshers.
For a middle class person, the day starts with a tea and newspaper and usually ends with work and stress. Every individual strive for a tension free and comfortable life. People seldom find time for family and friends but manage it, after all Delhiite we are! Night clubs become a must to release stress and hangouts are another way to interact with family and friends on weekends. The night life, no not only night, the days also spark up with the active and excited personality and aura of the Delhiites. It is something people are over-proud about here. But there should be no over -confidence generated out of it.
Its always a good idea for startups to begin with Delhi like city. It offers professionalism and great expansion opportunities when it comes to businesses. It is most preferred for trainings and learning. The best opportunities lie here but require skills to efficiently tap them.
Sanskrit was considered as “Dev Bhasha”, “Devavani” or the language of the Gods by ancient Indians. The word sanskrita, meaning “refined” or “purified”, is the antonym of prakrita, meaning “natural,” or “vulgar. The corpus of Sanskrit literature encompasses a rich tradition of poetry and drama as well as scientific, technical, philosophical and dharma texts.
Sanskrit is the most ancient language and perfect among the great languages in the world.It is the greatest treasure given to the world by ancient India.
Sanskrit is the primary sacred language of Hinduism, and has been used as a philosophical language in the religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Sanskrit is a standardized dialect of Old Indo-Aryan, originating as Vedic Sanskrit as early as 1700-1200 BCE.
Vedic Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas, the most ancient Hindu scripts, compiled c. 1500-500 BCE. The Vedas contain hymns, incantations called Samhitas, and theological and philosophical guidance for priests of the Vedic religion. Believed to be direct revelations to seers among the early Aryan people of India, the four chief collections are the Rig Veda, Sam Veda, Yajur Vedia, and Atharva Veda. (Depending on the source consulted, these are spelled, for example, either Rig Veda or Rigveda.)
Vedic Sanskrit was orally preserved as a part of the Vedic chanting tradition, predating alphabetic writing in India by several centuries. Modern linguists consider the metrical hymns of the Rigveda Samhita, the most ancient layer of text in the Vedas, to have been composed by many authors over several centuries of oral tradition.
Sanskrit Literature began with the spoken or sung literature of the Vedas from c. 1500 BCE, and continued with the oral tradition of the Sanskrit Epics of Iron Age India, the period after the Bronze Age began, around 1200 BCE. At approximately 1000 BCE, Vedic Sanskrit began the transition from a first language to a second language of religion and learning.
Around 500 BCE, the ancient scholar Panini standardized the grammar of Vedic Sanskrit, including 3,959 rules of syntax, semantics, and morphology (the study of words and how they are formed and relate to each other). Panini’s Astadhyayi is the most important of the surviving texts of Vyakarana, the linguistic analysis of Sanskrit, consisting of eight chapters laying out his rules and their sources. Through this standardization, Panini helped create what is now known as Classical Sanskrit.
As we approach the change of times and as Indians rediscover their roots in their collective consciousness, we begin to reflect why and how the Europe-centric mind-set has pervaded and distanced us from our own languages, culture, traditions and knowledge. More and more countries are popularising the study of Sanskrit, not just for the spiritual, cultural and literary interest in the language, but also for the wealth of scientific knowledge available in Sanskrit texts.
Sanskrit is vital to Indian culture because of its extensive use in religious literature, primarily in Hinduism, and because most modern Indian languages have been directly derived from, or strongly influenced by, Sanskrit.
Knowledge of Sanskrit was a marker of social class and educational attainment in ancient India, and it was taught mainly to members of the higher castes (social groups based on birth and employment status). In the medieval era, Sanskrit continued to be spoken and written, particularly by Brahmins (the name for Hindu priests of the highest caste) for scholarly communication.
Today, Sanskrit is still used on the Indian Subcontinent. More than 3,000 Sanskrit works have been composed since India became independent in 1947, while more than 90 weekly, biweekly, and quarterly publications are published in Sanskrit. Sudharma, a daily newspaper written in Sanskrit, has been published in India since 1970. Sanskrit is used extensively in the Carnatic and Hindustani branches of classical music, and it continues to be used during worship in Hindu temples as well as in Buddhist and Jain religious practices. Sanskrit is a major feature of the academic linguistic field of Indo-European studies, which focuses on both extinct and current Indo-European languages, and can be studied in major universities around the world.
The corpus of Sanskrit literature encompasses a rich tradition of poetry and drama as well as scientific, technical, philosophical and dharma texts. Sanskrit continues to be widely used as a ceremonial language in Hindu religious rituals and Buddhist practice in the forms of hymns and mantras. The one country that still regards Sanskrit as a classical language containing merely religious literature is India. Sanskrit is a treasure and very relevant in the modern knowledge-society and is perhaps the future for science and technology.
Many universities in Europe and America are raising the level of Sanskrit proficiency in their departments, while India is still treating it as a third language meant to enhance scores in school transcripts, without real application. If there is one language that can be called the language of the future, it is undoubtedly Sanskrit.
Eduindex 
You must be logged in to post a comment.