Contempt in its true sense means scandalizing, disrespecting courts or individual judges or jury and attributing motive to certain judgment. With the intent of implementing the orders of the court of law and preserving it from scandalizing the “CONTEMPT OF COURT ACT” was modified and adopted in the parliament in 1971. The punishment for contempt is maximum of six months imprisonment or fine of rupees 2000 or both. It is a restriction on one of the fundamental rights “The Right to Expression”. Contempt is of two types-Civil contempt and Criminal contempt.
According to the section 2(b) of The Contempt of Court Act, 1971, civil contempt means willful disobedience to any judgment, decree and direction, order, writ or other process of a court or willful breach of an undertaking given to the court.
According to the section 2(c) of The Contempt of Court Act, 1971, criminal contempt means the publication (whether by words, spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise) of any matter or the doing of any other Act whatsoever which scandalize or tend to scandalize, or lower or tends to lower, the authority of any court or prejudice or interfere or tends to interfere with, the due course of any judicial proceeding or ineterface or tends to interfere with or obstructs, the administration of justice in any other manner. Criminal contempt is considered a conduct directed against dignity of Court. That’s why criminal contempt often highlights as the only contempt. But that’s not true according to the report submitted on the review of the Contempt of Court Acts, 1971 by The Law Commission of India chaired by Justice B.S. Chauhan states that there is more number of civil contempt cases (96,993) than civil contempt cases (583) in various high courts and The Supreme Court. But despite high ratio of civil contempt the punishment ratio is very low. There is a very fine line between contempt and criticisms and because of it criticism is understood as contempt. In its previous judgments Supreme Court states that contempt victims should not be punished until the contempt is intended or tends to interfere in the due course of administration of the courts. One of the major drawback of the contempt law is that the judge is victim as well as prosecutor and the same person is assuring justice which is against the basic theory of justice. In the recent cases we see renowned Prashant Bhushan criticizing CJIs and found guilty in the court of law and fined for Rs 1. The court has the power to pick up any publication and scrutinize it as contempt of court in the courts. This makes people hesitate to present their point of views on certain judgments as they fear to be punished for contempt. This also present judiciary in a bad light in front of the citizens.
The Courts should check civil contempt more than criminal contempt. The Courts should develop habit of criticism on their judgment because they can also give controversial judgments. Even the Supreme Court is supreme but not infallible. In a healthy democracy everything should be questioned. Courts should accept their bonafide criticism as they will help them deliver better judgments in the future and criticism makes any institution better not disrespect them.
Aloe vera doe not only have few benefits it has various which are to helpful in various forms.
BENEFITS FOR skin
Sun burned skin: There are times when our skin gets too much exposed to the sun that is start burning, we feel too much irritation for that. Aloe vera gel helps with sunburns, Aloe vera has cooling properties so when we apply it on our faces it cools down the skin burns; It is suitable for all skin types from normal – sensitives skin people can apply and get such benefits of it.
After cutting leaf of aloe vera gel whatever you make out of it either gel, juice etc. It can be stored much long.
Another benefit of aloe vera gel is it lightens the skin tone and removes dark spots. By applying aloe vera gel regularly on to your skin it has help is reducing dark spots like knees, elbows, underarms area. You just must apply aloe vera gel overnight and in the morning wash it off with cool water. It is good to apply aloe vera gel overnight because at night our skin rejuvenates.
Help reduce pimples and acnes, three properties which aloe vera gel hold can help in reduction of pimples and acnes in our skin. Just apply it regularly and results will come or show.
Cleanness’s your face Aloe vera gel has various properties and by applying it regularly it cleanses you face and when your face is clean there are less chances of having any type of skin conditions.
Can be used as makeup remover.
Can also make our skin soft and supple.
BENEFITS FOR hairs
Treats dandruff and promoted hair growth, aloe vera gel has some amazing properties that it can help by just applying aloe vera gel on to scalp treats dandruff and may enhances hair growth.
Useful for oily hairs, when our scalp produces too much oil thus our hair becomes oily which may cause its natural hair to fade away quickly, so aloe vera gel helps with that.
BENEFITS FOR oral health
By using aloe vera gel as mouth wash or toot paste or for gargle it can help in reduction of plaques deposit into your mouth.
It has properties which helps reduce cavity.
Can be applied on to mouth ulcer.
Treats bad smell.
Can be used to gargle.
BENEFITS FOR health
Can help in proper digestion and improves health.
HOW TO MAKE ALOE VERA GEL
Just cut aloe vera leaf and wash it off.
Cut the upper part of the leaf and take out the gel.
Apply get onto your skin.
HOW TO MAKE ALOE VERA JUICE
Cut the aloe vera leaf.
Wash it properly.
Cut the upper part of the leaf and take out the gel.
Grind the gel into mixer.
After rinsing it from fabric
Drink the juice.
HOW TO MAKE ALOE VERA GEL FOR GARGEL.
Cut the aloe Vera leaf.
Wash it properly.
Cut the upper part of the leaf and take out the gel.
Put some aloe Vera juice into water with few drops of peppermint oil and glycerin.
If you do not have aloe vera plant you can buy reedy to make from market.
Although it suits 99% people but for few it may not if some. So check first.
Michael Joseph Jackson(1958-2009) also popularly known as Michael Jackson,was an American singer, songwriter, and dancer. He is famously known as king of pop,he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century.
His contributions to music, dance, fashion, and philanthropy, made him a global figure.
He influenced many people, many genres across the world through stage and video performances.
His popularized dance moves like moon walk , still this complicated dance gestures is creating popularity, records.He is the most awarded music artist in history.
Jackson is one of the best selling music artists of all time, with estimated sales of over 350 million records worldwide. For his incredible contribution to music,dance he was honoured with 15 Grammy awards, six Brit awards, a golden globe award, and 39 Guinness world records.
Michael Jackson, also known as most commercially successful entertainers of all time. At the age of 50, Michael Jackson passed away,at his home in Los Angeles, California, after suffering from cardiac arrest caused by a fatal combination of drugs given to him by his personal doctor.
A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter.The word galaxy is derived from the Greek galaxias , literally “milky”, a reference to the Milky Way. Galaxies range in size from dwarfs with just a few hundred million (108) stars to giants with one hundred trillion (1014) stars,each orbiting its galaxy’s center of mass.
Galaxies are categorized according to their visual morphology as elliptical, spiral, or irregular. Many galaxies are thought to have supermassive black holes at their centers.
Some famous Galaxies:
1]Milky Way–
The Milky Way is the galaxy that includes our Solar System, with the name describing the galaxy’s appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. From Earth, the Milky Way appears as a band because its disk-shaped structure is viewed from within. Galileo Galilei first resolved the band of light into individual stars with his telescope in 1610. The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy with an estimated visible diameter of 100,000–200,000 light-years. Recent simulations suggest that a dark matter disk, also containing some visible stars, may extend up to a diameter of almost 2 million light-years.The Milky Way has several satellite galaxies and is part of the Local Group of galaxies, which form part of the Virgo Supercluster, which is itself a component of the Laniakea Supercluster.
2]Andromeda-
The Andromeda Galaxy also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224 and originally the Andromeda Nebula, is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 2.5 million light-years (770 kiloparsecs) from Earth and the nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way.The galaxy’s name stems from the area of Earth’s sky in which it appears, the constellation of Andromeda, which itself is named after the Ethiopian (or Phoenician) princess who was the wife of Perseus in Greek mythology. The virial mass of the Andromeda Galaxy is of the same order of magnitude as that of the Milky Way, at 1 trillion solar masses (2.0×1042 kilograms). The Andromeda Galaxy has a diameter of about 220,000 ly (67 kpc), making it the largest member of the Local Group in terms of extension. The number of stars contained in the Andromeda Galaxy is estimated at one trillion (1×1012), or roughly twice the number estimated for the Milky Way.
3]Barnard’s galaxy –
NGC 6822 (also known as Barnard’s Galaxy, IC 4895, or Caldwell 57) is a barred irregular galaxy approximately 1.6 million light-years away in the constellation Sagittarius. Part of the Local Group of galaxies, it was discovered by E. E. Barnard in 1884 (hence its name), with a six-inch refractor telescope. It is one of the closer galaxies to the Milky Way. It is similar in structure and composition to the Small Magellanic Cloud. It is about 7,000 light-years in diameter.
4]Black eye galaxy–
The Black Eye Galaxy (also called Sleeping Beauty Galaxy or Evil Eye Galaxy and designated Messier 64, M64, or NGC 4826) is a relatively isolatedspiral galaxy 17 million light-years away in the mildly northern constellation of Coma Berenices. It was discovered by Edward Pigott in March 1779, and independently by Johann Elert Bode in April of the same year, as well as by Charles Messier the next year. A dark band of absorbing dust partially in front of its bright nucleus gave rise to its nicknames of the “Black Eye”, “Evil Eye”, or “Sleeping Beauty” galaxy. M64 is well known among amateur astronomers due to its form in small telescopes and visibility across inhabited latitudes.
5]Whirlpool galaxy–
The Whirlpool Galaxy, also known as Messier 51a, M51a, and NGC 5194, is an interacting grand-design spiral galaxy with a Seyfert 2 active galactic nucleus. It lies in the constellation Canes Venatici, and was the first galaxy to be classified as a spiral galaxy.Its distance is estimated to be 31 million light-years away from Earth
Subhas Chandra Bose, affectionately called as Netaji, was one of the most prominent leaders of Indian freedom struggle. Subhash Chandra Bose (23rd January 1897 – 18th August 1945) was a well-known freedom fighter of India whose non-compromising patriotic attitude made a national hero. His exceptional leadership qualities in gathering support for independence has earned him the honorific “Netaji” meaning “Respected Leader” in Hind He founded Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to overthrow British Empire from India and came to acquire legendary status among Indian masses.
Early Life and Childhood:
Subhash Chandra Bose was born in a Kayastha family on 23rd January 1897 at 12:10 P.M. His mother’s name was Prabhavati Dutt Bose and his father was Jankinath Bose, who was an advocate in Cuttack, Orissa, then under the Bengal Province.Prabhavati Devi was a pious and religious lady. Subhas Chandra Bose was the ninth child among fourteen siblings. Subhas Chandra Bose was a brilliant student right from the childhood. He topped the matriculation examination of Calcutta province and graduated with a First Class in Philosophy from the Scottish Churches College in Calcutta. He was strongly influenced by Swami Vivekananda’s teachings and was known for his patriotic zeal as a student. In January 1902 at the age of five, he was admitted into Stewart High School; Cuttack.Ravenshaw Collegiate School in Cuttack and Presidency College in Kolkata were some of the premier institutions where he joined in furtherance of his education.
Clearing the Indian Civil Services (ICS) :
To fulfill his parents wishes he went to England in 1919 to compete for Indian Civil Services. In England he appeared for the Indian Civil Service competitive examination in 1920, and came out fourth in order of merit. However, Subhas Chandra Bose was deeply disturbed by the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre, and left his Civil Services apprenticeship midway to return to India in 1921. Being born in a well to do family, Netaji studied in some of the prestigious schools and institutions of British India.
Subhash got selected in the Indian Civil services examination, yet resigned from his job on 23rd April 1921 and headed back towards India. The reason for his resignation from the ICS as he stated in a letter to his brother was that he was opposed to work under the British government. In the letter he further stated – “Only on the soil of sacrifice and suffering can we raise our national edifice”.
Political Life :
After returning to India Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose came under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi and joined the Indian National Congress. On Gandhiji’s instructions, he started working under Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, whom he later acknowledged his political guru. Soon he showed his leadership mettle and gained his way up in the Congress’ hierarchy. In 1928 the Motilal Nehru Committee appointed by the Congress declared in favour of Domination Status, but Subhas Chandra Bose along with Jawaharlal Nehru opposed it, and both asserted that they would be satisfied with nothing short of complete independence for India. Subhas also announced the formation of the Independence League. Subhas Chandra Bose was jailed during Civil Disobedience movement in 1930. He was released in 1931 after Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed. He protested against the Gandhi-Irwin pact and opposed the suspension of Civil Disobedience movement specially when Bhagat Singh and his associates were hanged.
Freedom Struggle –Falling-out with Gandhi :
After the General Elections of 1937, Congress came to power in seven states and Subash Chandra Bose was released. Shortly afterwards he was elected President of the Haripura Congress Session in 1938. During his term as Congress President, he talked of planning in concrete terms, and set up a National planning Committee in October that year. At the end of his first term, the presidential election to the Tripuri Congress session took place early 1939. Subhas Chandra Bose was re-elected, defeating Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya who had been backed by Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress Working Committee. Clouds of World War II were on the horizon and he brought a resolution to give the British six months to hand India over to the Indians, failing which there would be a revolt. There was much opposition to his rigid stand, and he resigned from the post of president and formed a progressive group known as the Forward Block. Netaji, respected Mahatma Gandhi but was doubtful of the latter’s methods and agendas for the independence of India. Being a soldier at heart, he tried to organize Indian politicians for forcibly deporting British from the Indian soil. Unfortunately, he failed, as senior Indian leaders at that time were largely in support of peaceful protests and marches.
Escape to Germany :
Subhas Chandra Bose now started a mass movement against utilizing Indian resources and men for the great war. There was a tremendous response to his call and he was put under house arrest in Calcutta. In January 1941, Subhas Chandra Bose disappeared from his home in Calcutta and reached Germany via Afghanistan. Working on the maxim that “an enemy’s enemy is a friend”, he sought cooperation of Germany and Japan against British Empire. In January 1942, he began his regular broadcasts from Radio Berlin, which aroused tremendous enthusiasm in India. In July 1943, he arrived in Singapore from Germany.
Azad Hind Fauj :
In Singapore he took over the reins of the Indian Independence Movement in East Asia from Rash Behari Bose and organised the Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army) comprising mainly of Indian prisoners of war. He was hailed as Netaji by the Army as well as by the Indian civilian population in East Asia. Azad Hind Fauj proceeded towards India to liberate it from British rule. Enroute it lliberated Andeman and Nicobar Islands. The I.N.A. Head quarters was shifted to Rangoon in January 1944. Azad Hind Fauj crossed the Burma Border, and stood on Indian soil on March 18 ,1944.
Activity in exile :
A little more than a year after the japanese invasion of Southeast Asia, Bose left Germany, traveling by German and Japanese Submarines and by Plane, and arrived in May 1943 in Tokyo. On July 4 he assumed leadership of the Indian Independence Movement in East Asia and proceeded, with Japanese aid and influence, to form a trained army of about 40,000 troops in Japanese-occupied Southeast Asia. On October 21, 1943, Bose proclaimed the establishment of a provisional independent Indian government, and his so-called Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj), alongside Japanese troops, advanced to Rangoon and thence overland into India, reaching Indian soil on March 18, 1944, and moving into Kohima and the plains of Imphal. In a stubborn battle, the mixed Indian and Japanese forces, lacking Japanese air support, were defeated and forced to retreat; the Indian National Army nevertheless for some time succeeded in maintaining its identity as a liberation army, based in Burma and then Indochina.
Netaji’s Mysterious Demise:
The Government of India has decided to celebrate Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose’s birth anniversary every year on January 23 as Parakram Diwas. This was decided by the Central government to inspire people of the country, especially the youth, to follow on the path of Bose’s ideals. The legendary leader’s demise, however, still remains a mystery and theories come up almost until recently that Netaji had faked his death to work secretly in some other country. Today, we look at some of these death theories about the legendary legendary leader that have resurfaced over the years and been a topic of curiosity around the world.
The universally known story of his death was that he died in a plane crash on August 18, 1945 in Taihoku (Taiwan). However, his followers refused to believe this story and instead said that he survived the plane crash and lived in secret with a different identity until he grew old. One of the other bizarre theories about his death claimed that the plane crash was a decoy by the Japanese to help Bose escape to the former Soviet Union. This theory had been proposed by Retd Major Gen GD Bakshi in his book, Bose: The Indian Samurai – Netaji and the INA Military Assessment. In his book, the retired general stated that Netaji set up a Azad Hind Government embassy in Russia, he also successfully made three radio broadcasts from Siberia which gave away his location to the British. It is after this that the British interrogated Netaji and thus tortured him to death, alleges the retired general.
Netaji distinguished himself as a soldier in the history of Indian freedom struggle. His ability to gather the support of the world leaders for the cause of Indian freedom was commendable and hinted towards his diplomatic excellence. In the history of freedom struggle of India, there is no one who could replace Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose in popularity and respect.
The book “How to win friends and influencepeople” written by “Dale Carnegie”. In 1936 only 500 copies were published in that edition as they never expected this book to be that famous but today August 16 million copies of this book as it is sold the first part of the book is about the fundamental techniques of handling people.
“DaleCarnegie” is not asking you to go in manipulate them is basically asking you to become a more genuine and kind person and do not treat people unnecessarily when it is not even require there is a thin line between criticism and you always have to understand that if it’s feedback and its positive it’s ok but just unnecessarily criticizing someone not be welcomed and you may not come across the person who is positive for even if your intentions are good it will not be welcome so if you are want people to like you when you have to become a person who goes out in this feedback in a kind and a more subtle manners and not in a very rude way or you just do not have to become all straight forward and plant if it’s not necessary because there is a difference between being rude and being straight forward a lot of people think that if they are plant then is it tell honestly how they think about a certain things they think that it is a good quality but it might not be welcome.
The second part list down six ways to make people like you and the best point I liked in this part is that he asked you to be genuinely interested in other people so if you want other people to like you you have to be first interested in them in their life and their personality usually give ourselves a lot more important than we give other people we think that whatever we are feeling is most important but if you go out and see and see how different people are there you will know that you not the only one stories to tell if you look in a more deeper manner then you will see that those people are not just people they are stories in themselves you would never know that a person whom you find going save someone’s life could be a person who has played.
Very important role in someone’s life you do not know what a person has to offer to you until and unless you go and talk to him and listen to that was obviously you cannot just go and force the person to tell his stories to you but you have to create an atmosphere where they are comfortable and they can find me so Dale Carnegie also uses a lot of the examples in his books to tell you how you can actually implement these stories in real life here are just not discussed these and the points but here also made sure that he tells you how you can actually incorporate those points in your own life so it really willing to make changes in your life you can actually looked towards example and used examples as and when it is required in your own life how to win people to your way of Thinking there will Carnegie has spoken about communication and how you can go out and about in talk in a way that people agree with you and they know that you are willing to do with them it’s all about communication and how you can mitigate the barriers to communication and if you think that you lack in that aspect and this part will be really good for you
The fourth part is all about being a leader and if you are someone who wants to be a leader then what are the qualities and how you can gain those qualities on those things are given in this part and this is very important for those people who are going out toward a career or a place where they would want to be leaders are they want others to follow their orders for their Ideas mainly their ideas.
Also, the language used in this book is written normal not very fancy or not
very gym it is moderates even if you are not an avid reader you can still read this book and be able to absorb the ideas so do not worry about that this book is not written in a language that is too heavy for everyone it is a very simple book so it’s written in a way so that anyone can learn things from this it’s mostly about learning and how you can improve yourself as this is a self help books and it will make you know how to how to just get along with people in a better way. It will dealing with the problem of socializing but obviously only after practicing it for a long time in one day after reading this book is can’t do that you have to continue the practice. all I think how to win friends and influence people is a really good book and it is written so many years back and even after the get it is just as relevant today as a student it is today a lot of Forward depends on team leadership and corporation and coordination so it becomes even more relevant for you to be able to influence and communicate your ideas in a better way Dale Carnegie give you some examples that are very evergreen future going to a mental Rattan you think that you are not confident enough to go out and lead people or just communicate your ideas in the better than other than reading this book will bring you out of that and it will help you to rebuild your space in your this book will be helpful for a lot of people.
The Bhagavad Gita or the Song Celestial is one of the most sacred Scriptures in the world. It is a constant companion to men in every walk of life. It is a string of verses which were spoken by Bhagwan Krishna to Arjuna at the battlefield. It is a part of the epic Mahabharata.
The Bhagwad Gita is the most widely read and revered religious text of the world. The State of Haryana is proud of the fact that this legendary epic was orated by Lord Krishna at Jyotisar (Kurukshetra), which is located here.
Further, it was also compiled by Veda Vyasa on the bank of river Saraswati, which was once a perennial river of this State. Hence, the greatest philosophy of life is associated with Haryana because Lord Krishna had given the Supreme Sermon to Arjuna on this land.
This poem is long poem, which, in fact, describes the gist of life, karma and duties of an individual. Lord Krishna narrates to Arjuna how he should do his duty and become a part of the Ultimate Soul. This poem forms the sixteenth chapters (adhyayas) of the Mahabharata, written by Veda Vyasa. It is in the form of. Sanskrit hymns (Shlokas). Let us study, in brief, what The Bhagwad Gita tells every human form of the world.
People of modern generation are increasingly finding that in spite of the material comforts abundantly available, there is a void in their life which cries to be filled in. The crisis is psycho – spiritual and it exists whether we realize it if not. There is no other book like the holy Bhagavad Gita, which fills in the void. All the teachings are suited to the modern inquisitive mind.
I also Read Gita whenever I get time
The Bhagavad Gita teaches socially oriented positive action. The theme is Lok Sangraha, which means integration, regulation, protection, and preservation of the society.
Gita is among the three main scriptures of Hindu Dharma, others being The Upanishads and The Bhrahmasutras. These three are together known as Prashthayanas. There are 18 chapters in the Gita, and it contains 700 verses. The Mahabharata contains a canto titled as Bhishma Parva and chapters from 25 to 42 of this Parva constitute the Gita. Gita Jayanti falls in the month of December ( Mrigashirsha ) . The Gita was spoken by Lord Krishna to Arjuna in Dwapar Yuga. And in the Hindu calendar, the Kali Era, the present era, is dated with reference to the day of Gitopadesha.
Krishna, presented in the poem as Vishnu in the flesh, is the spiritual teacher who recited the Gita. Most of The Bhagwad Gita consists of a dialogue between Krishna and Arjuna on the battlefield on Kurukshetra.
That is where the armies of the royal cousins, the Pandavas and the Kauravas, face each other for the decisive battle to end their feud. The Bhagwad Gita debates the right and wrong of conflict. It also discusses a person’s duty to himself, or herself, his or her fellow human and God.
It explores God’s relationship with humans. It shows how people can begin to understand God and thus, free themselves from the burden of Karma (deeds done in previous lives and in this present life).
Krishna instructs Arjuna about three ways to have union with God. The first is Karma Yoga (the Way of Action). Every person should do his or her duty according to caste, without hope of personal benefit or ambition, but with faith in God. Those who go through the motions of performing rituals without care or interest, or do their work only for profit, will never be released from the cycle of birth, death and rebirth.
The Bhagavad Gita is the Crown-jewel of India’s spiritual wisdom.
The Bhagwad Gita provides a summary of the Hindu religious thought and practice; much of it is based on the Upanishads. These are part of the Vedas, the oldest sacred books of Hinduism. It gives a methodology for developing belief as well as for forging a personal relationship between the deity and his/her worshipper. It offers a new approach to the full perception of, and absorption in, Brahman.
The Bhagavad-gita is such an important scripture that it can help us to get out of the cycle of birth and death. Anyone who recites Bhagavad-gita with devotion will go to the spiritual world at the time of death. If one reads Bhagavad-gita sincerely the reaction of one’s past deeds will not act upon one.
According to me everyone should read Bhagvad Gita whenever you feel low and cannot find a reason to live. By reading Gita you will be able to see your life in a positive way. You’ll know about your soul needs and whatever situation you are facing today that is earned by your past life karma nobody else is responsible for that. If you focus on your karma and keep a check when you are creating negative karma it will save you from increasing your negative karma. By surrending to Bhagwan and focusing on your soul you can definately change your life for better.
Symbols Golden class as a symbol of misplaced veneration In the biblical book of Exodus, the Israelite awaited Moses, their leader who had gone in search of enlightenment on Mount Sinai. During this time, without effective religious leadership, they made a golden idol in the shape of a graph and began to worship it. The golden calf was not an appropriate subject for the Israelites to worship. Dryden like in the English people’s veneration and an institution of government- a state that could be readily controlled by the people it governs- to the worship of golden calf, thereby indicating that such feeling of veneration was bad and inappropriate. The ideological notion that kings out to be constrained or limited by the government is represented as misguided.
Crown as a symbol of ruler Government and divinity appointed authorities The text uses the word crown a decorative ornament associated with kings and rulers, to represent the kings, the government, and the legitimate authority as appointed by God. The use of the same word is to represent all these concepts lies in inviting the readers to assign to a government and to a human being the same authority they associate with their deity.
A flock of sheep as a symbol of people The use of sheep represents a community of people with the leader as a wise shepherd, generally associated with Jesus leading his flock. It is used ironically here to tell an Old Testament story that is intended as an allegory for political events occurring in England. The Sheep represent the common English people. It suggests that people are easily swayed and led because they do not think for themselves.
Allegories rape as an allegory for rebellion Dryden set forth a premise sometimes people cannot admit to wanting something rather, they prefer to be forced into it. Therefore, by forcing such an individual into a situation, he or she secretly desires is the person doing the forcing is doing the “victim” unnecessary and pleasing favor acting as a satirist Dryden exaggerates the argument into something so shocking it ends up supporting the opposite conclusion.
Bible story as an allegory for the exclusion crisis The entire poem, which tells the story of Absalom and Achitophel’s rebellion against King David of Israel, is an allegory of the events that occurred in England in the late 17th century. Dryden uses biblical characters and events to comment upon the exclusion crisis and its major players ultimately supporting King Charles II in his right to the throne.
The 2nd half 20th Century – the socio cultural movements that effected people are merging and becoming more. Post Colonial literature became popular, Ngugi wa thiongo a Kenyan thinker – Moving the Centre – The plurality of culture and literature, the shift from Eurocentric understanding of the world. Grand narratives centred around the Eurocentric understanding, and postcolonial works thus became a shift from these Grand Narratives. The way art aesthetics and literature were looking at the past and the grand narratives became problematic, because people felt a need to bring back the past, but simultaneously in every country there was this need to bring something new back. Every age becomes a response to a previous period and the previous period is a response to resistance. Literatureis not something that is just to entertain people, the position of literature is embedded in our social systems, part of your existence. To understand postmodernism, is to lie on modernism. France Fanon, Meena Kandasamy, examples of theoretical perception are taken forward with people of different discipline. Thiongo’s work becomes important for the possibility of multiple centres and multiple meanings – a product of European imperialism and internal resistance as well.
Mcluhan’s Medium as message, depending on the medium the reachability is different and the access as well is differing.
Susan Sontag – a revolt against ‘the departure from modernism can be regarded as new sensibility, a revolt against canonised modernism’s avant-guard revolution’ – Critiquing the high culture of Modern Capitalist world, against the cannon. On one hand Modernism tried critiquing the Grand narratives and on the other it cerated a canon for itself.
Modernism is adopting plurality like Postmodernism, but was lamenting fragmentation even though working through it, trying to work on a wholesome unity, they continued to believe that with lit or artistic expression we may achieve a ‘self’ while postmodernism are embracing fragmentation, praising dissent, rather celebrating fragmentation.
Arnold Toynbee – birth of postmodernism, and questioning the tradition moral values and beliefs (grand narratives); and by questioning this he’s talking about the development of cultural modernists and the different understanding of the world, a better apparatus of understanding world and culture. Grand Narratives continue to be over – aching and totalising and replace or silence other narratives around us. And how mini-narratives can replace grand narratives by promoting plurality and heterogeneity as it becomes local. [Culture in modernism – a cultural innovation – development of new meanings.] Postmodernism is branching out to different ways, questioning the requirement and the need for plurality and heterogeneity.
1922 – TS Elliot’s Wasteland & James Joyce’s Ulysses, Virginia Woolf – Jacob’s Room
1927 – Virginia Woolf – To the lighthouse.
1924 – Manifesto of the Surrealist Moment – Andre Bretel
1937 – Guernica – an anti-war painting.
1914 – Stravinsky – Rise of Spring
Before Modernist was the Victorian Period, certain set of practices that was held sacrosanct up until the 1920’s, and everything that came out post 1920’s questioned everything. Linear chronological narrative was held sacrosanct for ages, and Elliot, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf were subservient to these narrative, alongside the impressionist, and the Credo of Modernism ‘make it new’ campaign by Ezra Pound; Modernist thinkers and philosophers stood for renovation and experiments, ‘Avant Garde’ ‘Sapere Aude’ (dare to know – courage to chart new territories) – after WWI.
Theoretical justification form this break of the past ? Why ? The central image of modernism was a big large void that defined Modernism – Scepticism/disbelief/boredom/disillusionment/restrictive and that this is not ‘it’, and to replace it with something new; and everything that was held important started falling apart. The science that was to make everything better couldn’t hold, the centre was falling apart and one couldn’t make sense of it, here structuralism to poststructuralism – Derrida – meaning is differing.
1990 – Virginia Woolf – Modern Fiction – in the pre-verbal or pre-literate thought your words are not linear, because it’s happening in your mind, therefore chronological pattern never works, it’s always in a flux, therefore she suggests “stream-of-consciousness” – a randomness of a narrative – no structure, a linear mode of storytelling – Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway.
Purist, Exclusivist/Universalist – to contain a single meaning – something that is questioned by Modernism. Meta Narratives/Grand Narratives that dictate the Euro – Centric understanding of the world, that make things/life better or easier – Marxism, Religion – Christianity – Redemption.
Single Epistemology (the theory of knowledge)
Post Colonial/Gender/Race came in complicating others.
Moving the Centre by Ngugi wa thiongo, and Afrocentrism.
Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to handle aerobically challenging situations of varying duration. The leading cause of death in the United States is heart disease. Improving cardiovascular fitness can reduce your risk of developing heart disease by increasing the efficiency of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels. The easier it is to pump blood through your body, the less taxing it is on your heart. Your heart’s contraction strength, the elasticity of your blood vessels, and the efficiency of your blood to carry oxygen all improve if cardiovascular training is effectively executed. Cardiovascular exercise also aids in maintaining a healthy body composition. Aerobic and anaerobic exercise, especially at higher intensities, contributes to a healthy Caloric burn. The fat you store on your body is reserved for periods of prolonged or intense activity. Training the cardiovascular system through high intensity intervals increases the activity of certain hormones, such as testosterone and growth hormone, that stoke fat burning. While low-intensity, steady-state cardio burns a higher percentage of fat, high intensity exercise results in greater total Calories burned, and speeds up the enzymes associated with burning fat. Finally, having greater cardiovascular fitness means you can confidently complete activities that have a cardiovascular demand, such as climbing stairs, hiking, biking, swimming, and even strength training. Being able to move through your day without feeling winded can make a huge difference in your confidence and quality of life. A good cardiovascular base allows you to train harder during strength sessions without feeling fatigued, as well! It is very common to perform cardiovascular exercise as your ONLY form of exercise. For example, a typical marathon runner would have a very high level of cardiovascular fitness, but they may be muscularly weak due to a lack of strength training, and stiff due to repetitively working the same muscles on a single plane of motion. Remember the four pillars of Fitness: Strength, Cardiovascular Fitness, Mobility, and Body Composition. In the example above, the marathon runner has developed their cardiovascular fitness, but neglected the other pillars. As a result, they are protected from diseases associated with the cardiovascular system, and can handle aerobically taxing situations, but are still susceptible to the consequences of having poor strength, mobility, and body composition. The lack of strength training, coupled with only moving the joints in one repetitive motion, can exacerbate joint degradation and lead to overuse injuries, poor posture, and immobility. If an individual could run a marathon, but was unable to confidently pick up 100 lbs off the floor, would you consider them physically fit? Could they complete a variety of physical demands, and come out uninjured? The runner may escape developing cardiovascular disease later in life, but their poor mobility and lack of strength may lead to needing a knee replacement, or they become more susceptible to falling due to a lack of muscle mass. It is crucial to understand that cardiovascular exercise is only one component of being a healthy, fit, and capable person! Here are some tips for effectively training your cardiovascular fitness: 1. Vary your cardiovascular activity. Your body quickly adapts to the type of training you do, which makes it harder to achieve the same results. To continue reaping the benefits of cardiovascular training, change up the equipment and form of training. Biking, Swimming, Running, Sled Pushing, Circuit Training, Battle Ropes, and more can all be cycled on a weekly or even daily basis to keep your training challenging and effective. 2. Train at the appropriate intensities. A heart rate monitor is one of the best pieces of equipment you can buy for dialing in your cardiovascular training. Try to exercise within 60-80% of your maximum heart rate to achieve the optimal physiological results. If you don’t have a heart rate monitor, use the RPE method: On a scale of 6-20, with 6 being sitting on the couch, and 20 being running for your life from a wild animal, try to exercise around a 15-18. 3. Give yourself the appropriate rest intervals. Try to set your working intervals anywhere from 15-60 seconds, and have a work:rest ratio of 1:3 or 1:4. For example, do a sprint interval on a bike for 15 seconds, and rest for 60 seconds. Total workout duration can be anywhere from 10-30 minutes. 4. Progress! Whether you add seconds to your work intervals, take away seconds from your rest intervals, or increase the total number of intervals you perform in a given workout, always progress! Your body will adapt to your workouts quickly, so you must remember to strive for more challenging sessions over time.
This is a topic that each one of us need to address, and over the years, there is definitely been a rise in discussions on but what has predominantly tampered these discussions are the issues of finance, because skincare isn’t just for the middle class or the elites, it’s is for everyone, even if the common consensus is not for the same.
Undoubtedly, there are startups and other companies that cater to the lower side of budget scale, and even deliver a somewhat mediocre result, but it still isn’t cost effective for everyone.
Next, the complicated process that is served to us, makes us blinded towards what our needs are or what our skin needs, we are normalised to ignore the nourishments our skin needs, the lil’ TLC we deserve, rather we are fished by companies, complicating the process and many celebrities add more to this complication, just because it suits their skin, it doesn’t necessarily suit yours, and these celebrities are more often than not are paid to promote a certain product, or are using products that are capable to leave a dent on your pockets.
So what’s the best line of action? Some R&D, dig through articles, figure what skin type you have, read what could suit your skin, what could benefit you, and is good for you — ingredient wise, and one that, start filtering what suits your budget, and what is easily available to you, read more about the products and the company, their ethical practices, and its cruel-free deliverance, and once you are satisfied with your choice, go for it, trust you gut, since its about self care, start loving yourself as well.
And make sure, you always, ALWAYS, listen to your skin’s needs, they will speak to you and depending upon that go by your routine, nothing has to be rigid.
Swearing has always been a man’s thing to be manly, this doesn’t mean that woman’s don’t swear, they do, and to an extent it’s perfectly normal to use certain adjective, sometimes it’s unconsciously used in your lingo, sometimes you do it forcefully to seem cooler and more acceptable among your peers, but more often than not, the use of profanity is used to show off masculinity.
How so? Mens in their natural habitat — hanging out with their peers, start acting immaturely, and extend that immaturity into conversations and things escalate and you normalise using a very colourful vocabulary.
Is it redundant to use this same argument? Possibly for some, but the fact-of-the-matter is that while just simply talking, you don’t need to get aggressive, don’t need to raise your tone, or anything like hat to get your point across, you do.
Would you like to cutdown on it? You should, its not pleasant to have a potty mouth, nor is it flattering, and it could get you into situation within a professional set up and you would do something and can’t turn back again, thus it make a compelling argument that you need to throw off your male ego, you masculinity crutch of profanity and try being better, and if you have swearing as a crutch to feel masculine, then you have much bigger and intense problem about your identity than anything else.
What next, clean up your act! Be human, be more vocal with your certifiably tremendous vocabulary, and if anytime you feel the ‘itch’ to use such words, breathe to it and try finding suitable replacements to it.
Health can be defined as a holistic way of the growth of the human body and mind. A healthy person’s body is in complete harmony with his mind. We can practice the art of health and wellness by keeping in mind that our bodies are made from living tissues. Those tissues require nutrition to grow, and the food we eat is directly responsible for the nutrients that reach our tissues. Keeping that in mind, we must understand the importance of a balanced meal. A meal is balanced when it has all the components like carbohydrates, starch, fat, protein, and vitamins in an equal proportion. If the balance is disturbed, we can eat a lot of the same type of food. Even if something is good for our health, eating too much can have a negative impact. For example, even if vitamins are beneficial to our health, eating a lot of vitamins can convert the excess quantity into toxic substances. The perfect sign of a healthy human body is resistant to diseases. A healthy person can effectively fight off disease-causing germs. Immunity is provided by the WBC cells in our blood. These cells determine how strong a person’s immunity is. Immunity can be improved by eating foods rich in antioxidants like melons, citrus, guava, and strawberries.
The coronavirus pandemic has resulted in the closure of schools and colleges across the country. Education has changed dramatically during the lockdown period, with a considerable rise of e-learning, whereby teaching is executed remotely and on digital platforms. Tens of thousands of students are glued to computers and smartphone screens as teachers and students enter a new world of virtual lectures, tutorials, and assessments. Though e-learning poses a challenge to both students and teachers over technology and access, it is keeping everyone busy with lectures, worksheets, and assignments. Skill development and enhancement is key to career growth in the competitive times we live in. Various online education platforms have made it easy for students to develop new skills while continuing with a regular course at a college/university. Since the virus outbreak forced educational institutes to adopt online classes, there is a considerable improvement in the attendance of students. While there is no need to travel long distances for classes online learning materials are visually stimulating, concise, and more interactive combined with features like surveys or polls, quizzes, etc. As a result, online classes increase student engagement. However, there are some disadvantages of online classes also. Online classes affect the eyes of the students due to long hours in front of the blue screen. Small children like the playschool and the primary grades must not have this type of class because they have low concentration power, and these small kids do not have the ability to sit for a longer time in front of the blue screen. Lots of poor students do not have access to laptops and computers and they can not afford the high cost of these electronic items and internet charges.
Eduindex 
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