AN EDUCATION TO POOR CHILDRENS IN OUR SOCIETY

Education is the word that means learning. We all know that education is very important in this modern period of time, without education in this modern era no one will success in their life, it’s important for everyone. In our country India education system on previous time such as 15 to 20 years ago is very bad in condition or very weak; the children’s who are belong from poor family they have no money to educate themselves, as we know that on that time there is no equality in the society male were dominating the whole of the society. And slowly the changes are has been made in the society people changes their thinking first of all o previous time education is not considered so much important in the society but in this modern period of time education is compulsory for all. There are many projects that are launched recently in India that are doing a very good work by giving education to children’s who are poor and can’t afford the education fees. They will provide education along with training and development of every single individual and for achieving the position from developing country to a developed one it is necessary to educate each and every individual in their life. In this modern era children want to educate in their life because they know that without education they will can’t do anything in their life. There are many universities and colleges which provide scholarship in their campus for free education which will creates a great opportunity for a poor individual who are not able to pay their fees due to poverty. If someone has a skill and ability to do any work but he have no education then he cannot implement the skill on his work.

           There are three groups of people such as the higher class, the middle class and the last one is lower class which is below poverty line. The difficulties are specially faced by the middle class and the lower class because they will not afford the fees of a very big university. Therefore education seems difficult to this class of people group. Education also helps in developing the personality and increase confidence. An individual who is belonging from a poor society, if he becomes educated then he have to do something for society also. May be he will open a school in his area where really it is tough to being educated. The places such as village where schools are very far and it become difficult to go school daily for education. From my point of view it seems to be a very difficult task for those children who have to cross the river, there is no vehicle and in season of monsoon it creates more challenges that have to face by the children. But the good thing is that the education system of India is developing slowly, and it is good news for those children who want to becoming educated in their life. In village areas one more problem is initiated that the children who have time for study insist of that they have to work for his home such as in field of framing, he have to cuts wood from jungle for cooking , and many more the ;list is very big and different types of children have different types of problem.

So we have to change the thinking of the poor people, that how much education is an important tool to us and how its impact in the whole career of the children. It is found that in poor family basically that someone father is a farmer then later his son also becomes a farmer, then it will passing from generation to generation. Therefore it is necessary to change the thinking of poor people. So the parents are also plays a important role in every children life that where they want to send their children for education or insist of that the work that has been followed generation after generation from this there future may be spoil. And if they will send their children for education then he will success in their life and it is good for the living society also from which he belongs too from that one individual, many individual motivated towards him and giving importance to education in their life. Therefore the point is that we have to know the truth of the society that yes till now also there are many villages where education is difficult to get. We have to join government and private programs that are related to education in the backward areas and helping them to motivate every single individual towards the education.

Restoration of Provisions of SC / ST Act

The weak sections of society are often repressed and exploited by society. To control such behavior and actions the government proposes some laws and bills to safeguard the rights of such weaker sections. But these laws are sometimes misused for the satisfaction of personal desires, and such actions need to be regulated.


An amendment bill was passed in March 2018 to restore the provisions of Scheduled castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989. According to the National Crime Records Bureau, under the initial provision, the conviction rate remained as low as just 15.4% in 2016. The amendment bill included three new clauses to the existing Act – for the registration of a First Information Report ( FIR ), against any person, a preliminary enquiry shall not be required; no approval would be required for the arrest of the accused under the Act; under this Act, Section 438 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, dealing with anticipatory bail shall not apply, allowing the accused to apply for anticipatory bail; the decision to arrest or not rests in the hands of the investing officer which cannot be taken away. The Supreme Court also issued guidelines to safeguard people against arbitrary arrest by making the arrest possible only after the written permission of the appointing authority for the public servants and Senior Superintendent of Police in the case of private-sector employees. The verdict for the restoration of the SC / ST Bill faced a widespread protest from the Dalits as according to them it dilutes the original nature of the provision. the Supreme Court took this decision considering the interests of the Scheduled Tribes / Scheduled Castes and as well as the arbitrary arrests taking place under the provision. The decision was made in regards –


• It was observed by the Supreme Court that the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 was used negatively as a way to blackmail and harass the innocent common citizens as well as the public servants in many cases.
• It was also observed that the Act was misused in many cases just to fulfill personal agendas by registering false complaints.
• The main purpose of the Act which was to break the caste-based boundaries was diluting and rather becoming strong because of the false complaints filed for the satisfaction of personal interests.
• The arbitrary arrest of the accused is tried to be put in control by making arrest possible on the written permission of the appointing authority in case of a public servant and written permission of the Superintendent of Police (SP) in case of a public servant.

The restoration was made keeping in mind the interests and safeguard of the marginalized without hampering the safeguard of the general public. Without going for a preliminary enquiry for a First Information Report (FIR) it ensured safeguard for the marginalized and by controlling the arbitrary arrests of the accused by making the arrest possible only after the written permission of the appointing authority and Superintendent of Police under this Act it safeguarded the general public.

Argentina vs Colombia (COPA AMERICA 2021 SEMIFINALS) Preview

Argentina are set to play Colombia at the Estadio Nacional de Brasilia Mane Garrincha on Tuesday in the semifinals of the Copa America.

Argentina come into this game on the back of a 3-0 win over Gustavo Alfaro’s Ecuador on Saturday in the quarterfinals. Goals from Udinese midfielder Rodrigo De Paul, Inter Milan striker Lautaro Martinez and Barcelona superstar Lionel Messi ensured victory for Lionel Scaloni’s Argentina. Ecuador had Talleres centre-back Piero Hincapie sent off late in the second-half.

Colombia, on the other hand, beat Oscar Tabarez’s Uruguay 0-0 (4-2 p) on Saturday in the quarterfinals. Despite the likes of James Rodriguez and Juan Cuadrado not playing for Colombia, Reinaldo Rueda’s men managed to emerge victorious on penalties.

Argentina vs Colombia Head-to-Head

In 40 head-to-head encounters between the two sides, Argentina hold the clear advantage. They have won 23 games, lost nine and drawn eight.

The two countries last faced each other earlier this year, with the game ending in a 2-2 draw. Early first-half goals from Atalanta centre-back Cristian Romero and Paris Saint-Germain midfielder Leandro Paredes for Argentina was cancelled out by second-half goals from Atalanta striker Luis Muriel and Junior forward Miguel Borja for Colombia.

Argentina form guide at Copa America 2021: W-W-W-W-D

Colombia form guide at Copa America 2021: W-L-L-D-W

Prediction: Argentina 2-0 Colombia

Eerie Trips

Do you believe in ghosts? Everybody has their perspective when it comes to ghosts. Few of us do believe in them and others don’t.
Many circumstances have occurred in the past which have proven the existence of ghosts. Many are so drawn to them that they discover ways to contact them and start hunting them by different means. One of them is by using the Ouija board which is likewise seen in various movies. But the easiest way to encounter a ghost is by visiting places which are spooky for quite a long time. Many such places in India are haunted by some spirits.

List of most haunted places in India

 • Bhangarh Fort, Rajasthan

Bhangarh Fort is located in the province of Rajasthan, India. There are many stories about this place which are accepted by the local villagers and they claim to have heard noises and screams of a woman and many have also seen ghostly shadows.

 • Dumas Beach, Gujarat

Dumas beach is situated in the city of Surat. It is famous for its black sand and is also considered to be haunted. It was once a Hindu burial site and many locals have experienced some supernatural activities in the past.

 • D’Souza Chawl, Mumbai

D’Souza Chawl is located in Mahim, Mumbai. It is considered one of the most haunted places in India. A woman who lived here once tried to fill water from a well but unfortunately fell and died since then it is believed that her spirit is wandering in the area.

 • Agrasen ki Baoli, New Delhi

It is a famous tourist site and one can see this place in many Bollywood movies such as PK, Mom, and Sultan. It is considered to be haunted by spirits. You won’t ever feel alone here.

 • Dow Hill, Kurseong, West Bengal

It is a very beautiful hill station known for its orchid gardens, tea plantations. It is also home to a headless ghost, haunted school, and haunted roads.

Brazil into FINALS (COPA AMERICA)



Lucas Paqueta’s first-half goal is enough to propel Brazil in the Copa America 2021 final! The Brazilians were all over Peru in the first half and looked like the dominating side. Peru came back strongly in the second half with some tactical substitutions in the break but were too short of quality and time to score the equaliser as Brazil hold on to their slender 1-0 goal lead.

Brazil now lay in wait for the outcome of the second semi-final game between Argentina and Colombia for the final to be played on Sunday, 11th July at 05.30 AM IST. 

Click on the link below to watch the highlights of the match:

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiz0e70_c3xAhXL7XMBHdN6CTMQsk4oAHoECAEQDA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sonyliv.com%2Fsports%2Fcopa-america-2021-1700000734%2Ffootball-hls-brazil-1-0-peru-6-jul-2021-1000124710%3Fwatch%3Dtrue%26utm_source%3DGoogle%26utm_medium%3DOnebox%26utm_campaign%3Dfootball_hls_copaamerica2021_brazil-vs-peru&usg=AOvVaw0ORqn_ehdJAMIXFi1JNjWC

If you cannot lose weight= Mistakes

If you are trying to lose weight and have been doing all sort of things to get to that aim you have made that is being fit. But you cannot do that because of many hidden reasons which you might have not known because they are playing hide -hide game with you since a long time but no more.

Now I am going to tell you about something very very important. Which you will be happy to know.

Well have you been trying to lose weight since a very long time? And have lost about few kilo grams of weight but wait after some time your weight bounces back again to its more ‘weight normal’.

Everything has science in itself and weight loss and being healthy is a science of it self’s.

If you want to lose weight, then the tips are or the mistakes to avoid are: –

  1. You are not eating enough.

The most common mistake that people do to lose weight is that you think you will lose weight if you start eating less than required.

 Calory intake < Caloy outtake

Starving yourself is not good, in fact starvation crashes one’s metabolism.

Metabolism is just a process which breaks down our food into energy. That is required by our body to function thus when you starve yourself that metabolism crashes.

Results in you having less BMR= Basal metabolism rate

Even when you are at rest, your body needs energy for all its “hidden” functions, such as breathing, circulating blood, adjusting hormone levels, and growing and repairing cells. The number of calories your body uses to carry out these basic functions is known as your basal metabolic rate — what you might call metabolism.

  • Eating more

When people tend to lose weight, they either start starving themselves or try to burn more calories that intake by exercising more.

Once you start doing too much of exercise then your body requires much more energy because at that time.  Calory intake < Calory outtake

So you started eating too much of food even that will result in more weight gain. So even by trying to being more active you should not eat more. Eat little more so that energy is there in your body to function.

When you exercise more you start losing your muscle mass and bone density instead of doing extreme exercises do little less that you body did not lose your body’s muscle mass and bone density. Which further kills your metabolism.

In order to Maine, your metabolism you should do

  • Resistance training (If you can’t go to the gym try with resistance bands at home , to carry your own weight)
  • Eat more protein to build lean muscles that will burn more fat.
  • Do aerobic exercises.
  • Do any sort of exercises like which you love dancing, cycling, stair climbing etc.
  • If you are unable, you lose weight do not stress yourself because stressing is bad.
  • DO Yoga

So go try these and avoid these mistakes results will take time but it will show.

Recommended books

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/10-ways-to-boost-metabolism

Life the biggest motivator

Life the biggest motivator itself describes it’s meaning. We as a human have to suffer from a lots of problems in our day to day life and sometimes we even want to leave everything and just want to leave this world but believe me this is not the solution of your problems the solution is you just need a motivation to again start where you have left and when we are talking about motivation we can’t be completed without our life.

I am not to old but just 16 and have a great experience and knowledge about world and people leaving here. Because I have to suffer or you can say fight with so many problems now you are thinking about that what problems a boy of 16 year have . So Dear let me tell you we all have problems but the thing is they differ people to people and the solution is we need to just take a rest and again start with your work.

Life this small word gives us a lots of lesson to everyone in his life but the difference is some understand it and many not. When ever you are feeling low ,tensed just look at your life that how much you suffer to come now many will say I am not anywhere I am just a child or boy so let me tell you will will also give you some motivation to achieve great thing’s in your life think when you were born how many times you fall when you learning to walk but after you all you have learnt na so this is the thing nothing is impossible here here we as a human are many to make impossible things possible.

So after all I just want to say don’t be sad at what you have because atleast you have and you have achieved it with lots of hardwork and dedication .

Keep this line in your mind whenever you are doing something “Try try but don’t cry”.

Drugs : you choose , you loose .

Addiction is just a way of trying to get at something else. Something bigger. Call it transcendence if you want, but it’s a rat in a maze. We all want the same thing. We all have this hole. The thing you want offers relief, but it’s a trap.

DRUGS ” A five letter word that is destroying human race. A word that could get you to the cloud nine and than kick you from the top.

What do you think it is ?

Is it a pleasure or a pain ?

Some says ‘it gives you wings ‘, others says ‘it makes you insane ‘ . What would you do , if someone is taking drugs ? Well , I would fly (its a joke ).

Ok , Let’s just get over with the topic .

Introduction

All the suffering, stress, and addiction comes from not realizing you already are what you are looking for.

– Jon Kabat-Zinn

Drugs are substances that change a person’s mental or physical state. They can affect the way your brain works, how you feel and behave, your understanding and your senses. This makes them unpredictable and dangerous, especially for young people.

Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease. It causes a person to take drugs repeatedly, despite the harm they cause. Repeated drug use can change the brain and lead to addiction. That can destroy one’s life .

Signs that shows someone has a drug problem

  • Changing friends a lot .
  • Spending a lot of time alone.
  • Losing interest in favorite things.
  • Not taking care of themselves – for example, not taking showers, changing clothes, or brushing their teeth.
  • Being really tired and sad.
  • Eating more or eating less than usual.
  • Being very energetic, talking fast, or saying things that don’t make sense.
  • Being in a bad mood.
  • Quickly changing between feeling bad and feeling good.
  • Sleeping at strange hours.
  • Missing important appointments.
  • Having problems at work or at school.
  • Having problems in personal or family relationships.

If a person shows these signs than he / she is using drugs . But it’s not , it’s a probability . The person may or may not be using drugs . For the assurance you have to ask the person (well they can lie ) . Take them for the blood test . It will show if the person is taking drugs or not . It’s a simple procedure .

Why can’t people stop using drugs on their own?


Repeated drug use changes the brain, including parts of the brain that give a person self-control. These and other changes can be seen clearly in brain imaging studies of people with a drug addiction. These brain changes explain why quitting is so difficult, even when an addicted person feels ready.

Many people are compelled to enter treatment by the pressure of their family, friends, or a court system. People of all ages with substance use disorders live in fear of what will happen if their drugs are taken away.

Due to the addiction , they experience a variety of physical and emotional withdrawal symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders; restlessness, and sleeplessness . It may lead you to the death bed .

Treatment :

Counseling and other behavioral therapies are the most commonly used forms of treatment. Medications are often an important part of treatment, especially when combined with behavioral therapies. Treatment plans must be reviewed often and modified to fit the patient’s changing needs.

  • Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy.
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
  • Detoxification.
  • Treatment with Medication.
  • 12-Step Facilitation.

One of the hardest things was learning that I was worth recovery.

Link

Dr. A. P. J Abdul kalam

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, in full Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, (born October 15, 1931, Rameswaram, India—died July 27, 2015, Shillong), Indian scientist and politician who played a leading role in the development of India’s missile and nuclear weapons  programs. He was president of India from 2002 to 2007.

Kalam earned the degree of aeronautical engineering in madras Institute of technology and in 1958 joined the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). In 1969 he moved to the IndianSpace Research Organisation, where he was project director of the SLV-III, the first satellite launch vehicle that was both designed and produced in India. Rejoining DRDO in 1982, Kalam planned the program that produced a number of successful missiles, which helped earn him the nickname “Missile Man.” Among those successes was Agni, India’s first intermediate-range ballistic missilewhich incorporated aspects of the SLV-III and was launched in 1989.

From 1992 to 1997 Kalam was scientific adviser to the defense minister, and he later served as principal scientific adviser (1999–2001) to the government with the rank of cabinet minister. His prominent role in the country’s 1998 nuclear weapons tests solidified India as a nuclear power and established Kalam as a national hero, although the tests caused great concern in the international community In 1998 Kalam put forward a countrywide plan called Technology Vision 2020, which he described as a road map for transforming India from a less-developed to a developed society in 20 years. The plan called for, among other measures, increasing agricultural productivity, emphasizing technology as a vehicle for economic growth, and widening access to health care and education.

In 2002 India’s ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA) put forward Kalam to succeed outgoing President Kocheril Raman Narayanan. Kalam was nominated by the Hindu nationalist (Hindutva) NDA even though he was Muslim, and his stature and popular appeal were such that even the main opposition party, the Indian National Congress, also proposed his candidacy. Kalam easily won the election and was sworn in as India’s 11th president, a largely ceremonial post, in July 2002. He left office at the end of his term in 2007 and was succeeded by Pratibha Patil, the country’s first woman president.

Upon returning to civilian life, Kalam remained committed to using science and technology to transform India into a developed country and served as a lecturer at several universities. On July 27, 2015, he collapsed while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong and was pronounced dead from cardiac arrest soon afterward.

Kalam wrote several books, including an autobiography, Wings of Fire (1999). Among his numerous awards were two of the country’s highest honours, the Padma Vibhushan (1990) and the Bharat Ratna (1997).

Marxism

Marxism, also referred to as communism, is a political ideology,philosophy and a body of doctrine which was developed by Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels. Major contributor to the philosophy of Marxism, Karl Marx, was born in Trier, Rhine province, Prussia in 1818. He was born to a Jewish family, which later converted to Christianity. Marx was awarded a Doctorate of Philosophy for his essay on materialism of the Epicurus, a famous Greek Philosopher. He joined as an Assistant Editor at the Rhenish Times and was promoted to the position of Chief Editor. He left this job due to differences between him and the owner. In 1843, he moved to France. He became the editor of the Franco-German Yearbook and continued until it went out of business. Here, he became acquainted to French and German extremists like Proudhon, Mazzini, and Engels. The Communist Manifesto was jointly released by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848. Marx published the first volume of Das Capital in 1867 and the remaining volumes were published posthumously by his friend Friedrich Engels. He spent his final years in exile and poverty in London

Marxism uses historical materialism to explain class relations and social conflict. The philosophy of Marxism was greatly influenced by Friedrich Engels who was an idealist. This led to the the concept of dialectical materialism. According to dialectical materialism, the prominent ideas that originate in the human mind at a particular point in time are called the thesis. Certain ideas, then, emerge as a response to these prominent ideas which are called as the anti-thesis. Ultimately, there is a conflict between thesis and anti-thesis, which leads to the formation of the synthesis. For example, the synthesis of the thesis of importance of capital and anti-thesis of importance of labour is class war. 

According to materialistic interpretation of History, throughout history a man pursues his material needs, which in turn creates history, and only after fulfilling his material needs he shifts his focus to higher goals. Using this interpretation, Marx classifies history into four stages based on modes of production. The first one is the Primitive Communist Stage. In this stage, the factors of production were meagre and were shared among the people of the community. The next stage is the ancient stage. The class structures had developed during this period. Slaves were owned by certain masters and these people controlled the factors of production. Being the master, their needs were fulfilled and possessed a surplus and denied benefits to workers. In a similar manner, the feudal lords exploited the landless serfs in the feudal stage and capitalist exploit the workers in the industrial stage.

Another important principle of Marxism is the theory of surplus value. According to this theory, the value of a commodity is equated to the wages paid to the labourer. Any value above the commodity value is regarded as surplus value, which is both needless and exploitative. According to this philosophy, the surplus value results in the exploitation of the labourer as the producer extracts illegitimate profits. The next principle is the theory of class war. According to Marx, two classes of people exist in all stages of history – the bourgeoise and the proletariat. The bourgeoise refers to people who are in control of the factors of production and pay for the labour of other people. The proletariat refers to people who are workers and do not own any or control any factors of production. History is nothing but a clash between these two classes where the former has always exploited the latter – master-slave, landlord-serf, capitalist-worker. The interests of these two classes are, au fond, in conflict with each other. This results in a continuous conflict called class war.

By exploiting the labour of the proletariat, the rich manage to build vast amounts of wealth. The concentration of wealth in their hands increases and the poor become poorer. This enlarges the gulf between the rich and the poor. Only a few people end up controlling most of the resources. This is called concentration of capital. The continuous exploitation of the proletariat by the bourgeoise forces them to rebel against the controllers of production. Therefore, revolution by the proletariat against the bourgeoise becomes inevitable. 

According to Marx, after the revolution by the proletariat, the capitalists will be removed from the position of power and the dictatorship of the proletariat will be established. The proletariats after the revolution will wipe out the capitalists. This is the dictatorship of the proletariat. This will lead to the formation of a classless society where there is no conflict between people. In a classless society, there is no more any need for the state to maintain order and harmony amongst people. This is the end goal of communism. According to Karl Marx, religion is the opium of the people. It makes people sway to sentiments and is used as a tool of exploitation by the capitalists. However, Karl Marx did not advocate the abolition of religion. Socialism, which is considered peaceful and evolutionary, was a prelude to Marxism, which is violent and revolutionary. Marxism took hold of Russia during the World War 11. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the popularity and influence of Marxism has waned.

The Legal Practitioner’s (Women) Act, 1923.

The Legal Practitioner’s (Women) Act was passed in the year 1923. it was only in 1846 that all duly qualified irrespective of nationality or religion were able to enter into the legal profession. Women were still excluded from the profession at this stage, to be thereafter admitted through the Legal Practitioner’s (Women) Act, III of 1923. The act regarding practising law profession still excluded women from entering the profession as it did not make any reference to women in the act. The Legal Practitioner’s (Women) Act formally allowed women entry into the profession. It abolished the bar on women from practising law. The Indian women were granted the right to choose legal profession and practice as Advocates in the Courts of Law. This fight was pioneered by Cornelia Sorabji. Prior to this, women due to their illiteracy and ignorance were easily duped by the legal people or their touts. Their reserve nature was inculcated and strengthened by customs and culture. They were not able to exercise their right over their own properties. Though initially only a handful of women joined the profession as Advocates this reformative measure ignited the spirit of pleading for the cause of another before the Courts. That the laws could be utilised for obtaining social justice and repressive laws could be overthrown for further development, and that women could do it for themselves and others as well was an eye-opener to the Indian society of pre-independence times. 

The challenge before women to enter into legal profession was significant and made a case for their entry to heal Indian women. They wanted to represent the Indian women. In many cases, judges opined that women were not ‘persons’ for the purpose of entering the legal profession. Regina Guha’s case was the first woman’s case. After obtaining a Bachelor of Law degree, Guha applied for admission to be enrolled as pleader in the Alipore district court. The application was examined by the court. Regina contended that since under the General Clauses Act, “words importing the masculine gender shall be taken to include female”, the rules under the Legal Practitioners Act, although referring in terms to men, would include women.In response, barrister Eardley Norton, a civil rights advocate, the bench responded that at the time the Legal Practitioners Act was passed, “there had never been a case of a lady being allowed to practice in the Indian courts”. The Legal Practitioners Act made no reference to women. In another case, Hazra applied to Calcutta University, seeking permission to appear as a private candidate in the preliminary examination of law.  Calcutta University transferred her application to Patna University. Her application was refused on the ground that she had not attended regular law lectures.Calcutta University finally granted her permission to appear as a private candidate in the preliminary law examination. In 1921, after obtaining a Bachelor of Law degree from Calcutta University, she applied to be enrolled as a pleader in the Patna district court.  The Patna high court judges delivered upholding the position in Regina Guha that in spite of the provisions of the General Clauses Act of 1868 and 1897, a woman, although fully qualified, was not entitled to a certificate under the Legal Practitioners’ Act to act as a pleader because of her sex. She was not a ‘person’.

By this time, the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 was passed in England that allowed women to enter the legal profession.  At the same time, the Allahabad high court allowed Cornelia Sorabji to be enrolled as a vakil. With the Patna high court judgment, a concerted campaign to amend the Legal Practitioners’ Act began. In 1922, Narayan Malhar Joshi moved a resolution proposing amendment of the Legislative Assembly Electoral Rules to remove sex disqualification in the matter of registration on the electoral roll, Gour introduced a resolution to remove sex-based disqualification in the legal profession as an amendment to Joshi’s resolution.The Legal Practitioners (Women) Act was finally passed in 1923, removing the disqualification affirming that “no woman shall, by reason only of her sex, be disqualified from being admitted or enrolled as a legal practitioner or from practising as such”. 

5G Networking Technology

What is 5G Network?

In Telecommunications, 5G is the fifth generation technology standard for broadband cellular networks, which cellular phone companies began deploying worldwide in 2019, and is the planned successor to the 4G networks which provide connectivity to most current cell phones. 5G networks are predicted to have more than 1.7 billion subscribers worldwide by 2025, according to the GSM Association. Like its predecessors, 5G networks are cellular networks, in which the service area is divided into small geographical areas called cells. All 5G wireless devices in a cell are connected to the Internet and telephone network by radio waves through a local antenna in the cell.

In telecommunications, 5G is the fifth generation technology standard for broadband cellular networks, which cellular phone companies began deploying worldwide in 2019, and is the planned successor to the 4G networks which provide connectivity to most current cell phones. 5G networks are predicted to have more than 1.7 billion subscribers worldwide by 2025, according to the GSM Association. Like its predecessors, 5G networks are cellular networks, in which the service area is divided into small geographical areas called cells. All 5G wireless devices in a cell are connected to the Internet and telephone network by radio waves through a local antenna in the cell.

HOW DOES 5G WORK?

5G network architecture illustrating 5G and 4G working together, with central and local servers providing faster content to users and low latency applications.

A mobile network has two main components, the ‘Radio Access Network’ and the ‘Core Network’.

The Radio Access Network – consists of various types of facilities including small cells, towers, masts and dedicated in-building and home systems that connect mobile users and wireless devices to the main core network.

Small cells will be a major feature of 5G networks particularly at the new millimetre wave (mmWave) frequencies where the connection range is very short. To provide a continuous connection, small cells will be distributed in clusters depending on where users require connection which will complement the macro network that provides wide-area coverage.

5G Macro Cells will use MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) antennas that have multiple elements or connections to send and receive more data simultaneously. The benefit to users is that more people can simultaneously connect to the network and maintain high throughput.  Where MIMO antennas use very large numbers of antenna elements they are often referred to as ‘massive MIMO’, however, the physical size is similar to existing 3G and 4G base station antennas.

The Core Network – is the mobile exchange and data network that manages all of the mobile voice, data and internet connections. For 5G, the ‘core network’ is being redesigned to better integrate with the internet and cloud based services and also includes distributed servers across the network improving response times (reducing latency).

Many of the advanced features of 5G including network function virtualization and network slicing for different applications and services, will be managed in the core. The following illustration shows examples of local cloud servers providing faster content to users (movie streaming) and low latency applications for vehicle collision avoidance systems.

Example of a local server in a 5G network providing faster connection and lower response times

Network Slicing – enables a smart way to segment the network for a particular industry, business or application. For example emergency services could operate on a network slice independently from other users.

Network Function Virtualization (NVF) – is the ability to instantiate network functions in real time at any desired location within the operator’s cloud platform. Network functions that used to run on dedicated hardware for example a firewall and encryption at business premises can now operate on software on a virtual machine. NVF is crucial to enable the speed efficiency and agility to support new business applications and is an important technology for a 5G ready core.

When a 5G connection is established, the User Equipment (or device) will connect to both the 4G network to provide the control signalling and to the 5G network to help provide the fast data connection by adding to the existing 4G capacity.


Where there is limited 5G coverage, the data is carried on the 4G network providing the continuous connection. Essentially with this design, the 5G network is complementing the existing 4G network

5G Configuration:-

Advantages of 5G Networking:-

High resolution and bi-directional large bandwidth shaping.

Technology to gather all networks on one platform.

More effective and efficient.

Technology to facilitate subscriber supervision tools for the quick action.

Most likely, will provide a huge broadcasting data (in Gigabit), which will support more than 60,000 connections.

Easily manageable with the previous generations.

Technological sound to support heterogeneous services (including private network).

Possible to provide uniform, uninterrupted, and consistent connectivity across the world.

Disadvantages of 5G Networking:-

Technology is still under process and research on its viability is going on.

The speed, this technology is claiming seems difficult to achieve (in future, it might be) because of the incompetent technological support in most parts of the world.

Many of the old devices would not be competent to 5G, hence, all of them need to be replaced with new one expensive deal.

Developing infrastructure needs high cost.

Security and privacy issue yet to be solved.

Conclusion

5G will be able to sustainably satisfy the requirement of the 1000-time traffic growth. 5G will provide users with fiber-like access data rate and “zero” latency user experience. 5G will be capable of connecting 100 billion devices.

Indian art during Maurya period

The Mauryan contribution to art and architecture was significant. Ashoka is known to
have built 84,000 stupas to commemorate various events of Buddha’s life. According to
Megasthenes, Pataliputra’s grandeur matched that of the cities of Persia.
Ashokan edicts were inscribed on stone pillars that were made of single columns of polished
sandstone and had capitals on their top. The best preserved of all Ashokan edicts stands
at Lauriya Nandangarh (Bihar). This thirty-two feet tall column has an almost fifty ton
seated lion capital placed on its top, an engineering feat worth admiring. The bull capital
from Rampura is also another fine example of Mauryan sculpture. The most famous capital
is the one at Sarnath, which shows four lions and the Dharmachakra. You must be familiar
with this as this has been adopted as the national emblem of the Republic of India.
Besides pillars, few Mauryan figures have also come to light. The most well known of
these is the Yakshi from Didarganj. The beauty of these figures lies in the exactness of their
workmanship and in the fact that they. appear to be made from one single stone. Like the
pillars, these figures are polished with a unique surface gloss (now called Mauryan polish).
You will be amazed to know that despite all these centuries this gloss has not lost its shine.
Besides the language that has been used in nearly all the inscriptions and Prakrit which
appears to have become the lingua franca of the country and in the Brahmi script the
earliest known Indian script.

Another noteworthy aspect of Mauryan architecture is the rock cut caves. The Lomash
Rishi (with its impressive entrance) and the Sudama caves are examples of such architecture.
These caves cut from solid rock were provided by Ashoka for non-Buddhist monks.
These caves marked the beginning of the rock cut architecture which was patronised by
later rulers too. His rock edicts were inscribed in the local language and the local script

Youth suicide

Every hour one student commits suicide in India, with about 28 such suicides reported every day, according to data compiled by the National Crime Records Bureau ( NCRB ). The NCRB data shows that 10,159 students died by suicide in 2018, an increase from 9,905 in 2017, and 9,478 in 2016 . As per reports from the National Crime Records Bureau(NCRB) between 2014 and 2016; 26,476 students committed suicide in India. Of these around 7,500 committed suicide due to failure in various examinations .

This is shocking right ? no one ever thought about this while everyone is talking about cancelling NEET a student is committing suicide, a family is loosing their daughter or son . Do we ever taught what would be the reason behind a suicide. No , we just frame a story ourselves But reality is kept unknown. Most of the students commit suicide because of stress of getting good marks , getting into a good college . We still live in a society where marks are important than knowledge even though time as proved it wrong

Now – a – days students enter into a examination hall like they are entering into a life or death situation there is nothing wrong with a teenager going with such a mindset but it is responsibility to make them realize its just a assessment parents , teachers and school management .

But the reality between each and every suicide is there parents who refuse to see there is a better future for their son/daughter beyond this marks and teacher who just wants to give 100 % just to get an increment and management who wants to provide 100% results to get more admission but is it really worth a young life ???

There are many organisations really working hard to avoid this kind of situation and they saved many lives but we all are seeing this situation from a wrong perspective its not student who need to be educated or motivated its their parents and educational institution .

Once Dr.A.P.J abdul kalam said “If you fail, never give up because FAIL means “First Attempt In Learning”. “Failure will never overtake me if my determination to succeed is strong enough.” “All of us do not have equal talent. But , all of us have an equal opportunity to develop our talents.”

I still strongly believe in his words that this nation lies in the hands of youth . So , I am not trying to say that education is not important all i am trying to say is we a life is more important.

Lets hope our society does better in this year..