Origin And Evolution Of Man

About 15mya, primates called Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus were existing. They were hairy and walked like gorillas and chimpanzees.

Ramapithecus was more man-like while Dryopithecus was more ape-like. Few fossils of man-like bones have been discovered in Ethiopia and Tanzania.

These revealed hominid features leading to the belief that about 3-4mya, man-like primates walked in eastern Africa. They were probably not taller than 4 feet but walked up right.

Two mya, Australopithecus probably lived in East African grasslands. Evidence shows they hunter with stone weapons but essentially ate fruit.

Some of the bones among the bones discovered were different. This creature was called the first human-like being the hominid and was called Homo habilis.

The brain capacities were between 650-800cc. They probably did not eat meat. Fossils discovered in Java in 1891 revealed the next stage, i.e., Homo erectus about 1.5mya.

” Homo erectus had a large brain around 900cc. Homo erectus probably ate meat. The Neanderthal man with a brain size of 1400cc lived in near East and Central Asia between 1,00,000-40,000 years back. They used hides to protect their body and buried their dead.”

Homo sapiens arose in Africa and moved across continents and developed into distinct races. During ice age between 75,000-10,000 years ago modern Homo sapiens arose.

Pre-historic cave art developed about 18,000 years ago. Agriculture came around 10,000 years back and human settlements started. The rest of what happened is part of human history of growth and decline of civilisations.

https://www.britannica.com/science/human-evolution

https://www.yourgenome.org/stories/evolution-of-modern-humans

Education during the Pandemic

There is a paradigm shift witnessed in the education sector in India for last two months. Schools and teachers have been forced to adapt to e-learning leaving the traditional way of teaching. The adaption of technology was reluctant for many teachers and schools.

That new technology added a competitive edge to the e-learning sector. The ed-tech firms strike gold in the pandemic as both private and government schools ensure education through e-platforms. In India, online tutorials including Coursera, Collpoll and many more are gaining immense popularity during this crisis.

Lockdown changed the perspective of schools. With schools closed for months, e-learning came to the forefront, across the world. Even in developed countries, students have been the primary movers of this initiative. Teachers followed the new trend, hoping to return to the classrooms soon.

Also read: ‘Technology in hands of good teachers, a boon for education system’

However, such expectations are unlikely to materialise any time soon. When schools re-open, they have to operate with reduced classroom strength, to ensure social distancing. It means the scope for classroom education will remain curtailed and e-learning has to fill the gap in the education sector. With blended learning as potential solutions for schools, e-learning will continue to dominate the sector for a longer period.

George Herbert’s ‘Love (III)’

Love bade me welcome. Yet my soul drew back
                              Guilty of dust and sin.
But quick-eyed Love, observing me grow slack
                             From my first entrance in,
Drew nearer to me, sweetly questioning,
                             If I lacked any thing.
 
A guest, I answered, worthy to be here:
                             Love said, You shall be he.
I the unkind, ungrateful? Ah my dear,
                             I cannot look on thee.
Love took my hand, and smiling did reply,
                             Who made the eyes but I?
 
Truth Lord, but I have marred them: let my shame
                             Go where it doth deserve.
And know you not, says Love, who bore the blame?
                             My dear, then I will serve.
You must sit down, says Love, and taste my meat:
                             So I did sit and eat.
-George Herbert

George Herbert was a metaphysical poet who was prominent during the Elizabethan era. He was also a theologian, priest and an orator. Herbert is renowned for his spiritually inclined poems that touches upon metaphysical and philosophical topics. Most of his spiritual poems recounted his wavering, yet strong relationship with God and the internal conflicts that ensues when he thinks of a material life beyond the constraints of a religious life. His poems are allegorical, auto-biographical and an intimate reflection of his own struggles as a devotee of God.

Herbert’s Love (III) is a part of ‘The Church’, a central part of his work ‘The Temple’. In his ‘Love’ series, he explores various types of relationships and connections. Love (I) entails the relation between mortal and immortal love. Love (II) explores the connection between divine love and human lust. Love (III) is an exploration of sacred love by personifying love in a dialogue between a worshipper and God. Herbert’s connection with his god is exemplified through his lexical simplicity. Here, Herbert’s God is kind and gentle, like an inviting lover whose love compensates for human weaknesses. His worries and doubts of his love for God despite his immense faith is a common theme that runs through this poem as well.

He explicates that Divine Love is unconditional. God, for Herbert, is all forgiving and considers the distance between himself and is devotee more sinful than the internal conflicts that a devotee has. He reinforces the Christian ideology that human resistance to love can be overcome by the love and sacrifice of Christ. His allusion of God as a host has been mentioned several times throughout the bible. And similarly, the part of the speaker resisting the God’s invitation is also a recurring notion that has been shown through prophets like Moses, Isiah, and Jeremiah. But nevertheless, the God is portrayed as a kind and gentle being which represents the idea of Christ. He embraces all his devotees and forgives them no matter how sinful they are. This is referred to as ‘The mystery of God’s love’ in Christian mysticism.

Herbert’s language is very simple and it reflects the conversational tone that has been represented between the God and the Man in the Bible. His style reflects the tender ways in which the psalmists addressed the god, or how the lovers talk to each other in ‘songs of Solomon.’ This is very unlike the vengeful version of God found in other poems of Herbert like ‘Discipline’. Although the concepts in his poems seem borrowed, they are fresh and delivers the simplest poem written on the Christian tradition of ‘Holy Communion’.  Thus Love (III) can be thus considered to be a quintessential Herbert Poem.  

Reference:

India’s stand on population control

11 July is observed as world population day every year. It’s main focus is on the various problems arising due to surging population. Growing population is a major concern for developing countries and india is also having the same concerns. With population around 1.39 billion approximately India is inching towards overtaking china as most populous country.

China had adopted one child policy to control it’s growing population but due to demographical reasons it ended this policy in 2015. Aging population was the reason presented,but decline in fertility rate was another reason. China’s communist government is very strict in implementing it’s policies and citizens also abide by the rules.

India’s five year plans gave emphasis to population control. Ministry of health and family welfare covers the population control policy. Main strategy is to persuade people to accept the small family norm by way of various advertisment and educational efforts.

A scene from web series ‘panchayat’ depicting slogan

In 2019, ‘Population Control Bill’ was introduced into Rajya sabha and was signed by 125 MP’s. This bill was about imposing penalties for couples not adhering to the two-child policy.

A Postage stamp issued by the Indian government

Later, in 2020 ‘Constitution Amendment Bill’ was introduced into Lok sabha. It’s main objective was to amend the Article 47A of the Constitution of India. This amendment was to introduce a two-child policy per couple and provide incentives like tax, educational benefits etc.

Two-child policy in Indian states

States of Assam and Uttar Pradesh have initiated to bring in two-child policies, this will limit government benefits to people with only two children. people with more than two children are barred from contesting elections in Gujarat, Rajasthan,Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Odisha, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.

Few more States are eyeing to bring these type of policies in upcoming future for betterment of the citizens. Government and few NGO’s are working towards educating people about these policies. Task ahead is tough,but not impossible.

Shows of Old – Don’t Tell My Mother

Don’t Tell My Mother was a television program hosted by Diego Bunuel and shown on the television channel Nat Geo but currently available on subscription channel Nat Geo Adventure which is primarily a documentary/travel show.

About the Host

Diego Bunuel is a French-American Foreign Correspondent for French tevevision. He has covered countries like Iraq, Afghanistan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Every time he left for one of his journeys, he would tell his production crew in the Paris office, “Don’t tell my mother I am in Colombia, it makes her really nervous.”  Where the show got it’s iconic name. After a few years of traveling again and again, Buñuel realized that the international news coverage, which he was part of, only focused on the worst headlines possible.

Thus, Buñuel embarked on a rather unusual effort at the time, to talk about countries that make headlines, but instead of focusing on the same, basic or even the negative stories, he took a look at a more subtle and positive vision of these countries, full of culture, people, interests that rise high above the usual daily news reports.

Locations

The show has traveled all around the globe. In season 1, which started from 2007, the show takes place in countries like Colombia, Afghanistan, Congo, Pakistan, North Korea and the Balkans, where he busts some of the stereotypes plaguing these countries.

In the following seasons which has four in total, the locations include mainly cities like Johannesburg, Delhi, Manila, Tokyo, Lagos, Beirut and countries like Somalia, Kazakhstan, Russia and Thailand. The last episode aired on 20th October 2013, taking place in Ukraine.

https://www.natgeotv.com/in/dont-tell-my-mother/about

Sports

Dou you like sports? Sports are the act as a very much key role in our daily life. If you play the sports in daily it can improves our mental stability and physical stability.

Cricket

Cricket is the most famous game in the world compared to the others game.

History Of cricket

The history of cricket to 1725 traces the sports development from its perceived origine to the stage where it become a major sport in England and had been introduced to the other countries. The Earliest definite reference to cricket course in 1598 and makes clear that the sport was being placed c. 1550, but it true origin is mystery.

Concept and rules of cricket

Concept

Cricket is played with two teams of 11 players each. Each team takes turns batting and playing the field, as in baseball. In cricket, the batter is a batsman and the pitcher is a bowler. The bowler tries to knock down the bail of the wicket. A batsman tries to prevent the bowler from hitting the wicket by hitting the ball. Two batsmen are on the pitch at the same time.

Scoring

The batters can run after the ball is hit. A run is scored each time they change places on the pitch. The team with the highest number of runs (typically in the hundreds) wins the match.

  • 6 runs: A ball hit out of the field on a fly.
  • 4 runs: A ball hit out of the field on a bounce.

Outs

  • Bowled out: Bowler knocks over (breaks) the wicket with a bowl.
  • Caught out: Fielder catches a batted ball on the fly
  • Run out: Fielder catches ground ball and throws it at the wicket, knocking it down before the batsman gets there.
  • Leg before wicket: Batsman’s body interferes with a bowled ball that would hit the wicket

Rules

  • Cricket is played between two teams each made up of eleven players. (Sometime in junior competitions you will find 8 player teams).
  • Games comprise of at least one innings where each team will take turns in batting and fielding/bowling.
  • The fielding team will have a bowler bowl the ball to the batsman who tries to hit the ball with their bat.
  • The fielding team tries to get the batsmen out by…
    • Hitting the wickets with the ball when bowling
    • Catching a batsman’s shot on the full
    • Hitting the batsman’s leg in front of the wicket (LBW)
    • Or hitting the wickets before the batsmen can run to the other end of the pitch
  • The batmen try to score as many runs as possible before getting out by…
    • Hitting the ball and running between the wickets and making it to the other end before the fielders can hit the wickets with the ball. Each time you run one full length of the pitch it equals 1 run.
    • Hitting the ball to the boundary along the ground is 4 runs.
    • Hitting the ball over the boundary on the full equals 6 runs.
  • The fielding team must get 10 batsmen out before they can change over and start batting.
  • The aim of the game is to score as many runs as possible before the fielding team takes 10 wickets. The team with the most runs wins.

Important of cricket

As well as physical health benefits, cricket can also bring other benefits and opportunities such as: Team skills. Social skills such as cooperation, communication and learning how to cope with winning and losing. Social interaction – it’s a great way to meet new people and make new friends.

“When people throw stones at you, you turn them into milestones.”– Sachin Tendulkar

Inspirational Cricket Quotes

The God of cricket speaks to you. He asks you to turn the negative vibes directed at you, into the incense of calm and spirit of achievement. Sachin’s struggle is widely acknowledged. He is a legend and nobody can deny.

TOXIC MASCULINITY

Toxic masculinity is a cultural concept of manliness that glorifies stoicism, strength, virility, and dominance, and that is socially maladaptive or harmful to mental health. Men and women both suffer due to toxic masculinity as the concept itself can be traumatizing. This term is usually used in the media and academic, talking about the harmful and traumatizing expectations that are generally associated with cultural and gender norms.

Toxic masculinity exists when men think that they have to live by self-reliance and suppress all of their emotional waves from the world and must be active, aggressive, tough, daring, and dominant. The concept has been criticized by few conservatives as “an excessive condemnation of traditional masculinity”, but a lot of feminists are in support of this concept as they say that it is violating the role of choice. This concept of toxic masculinity does not condemn men or male attributes, but rather emphasizes the harmful effects of conformity to certain traditional masculine ideal behaviors such as dominance, self-reliance, and competition.

According to social learning theory, teaching boys to suppress vulnerable emotions, as in the saying “big boys don’t cry”, is a significant part of gender socialization in Western society. Especially with the men in prison, they are supposed to be tough, angry and aggressive all the time but it they show their soft side they are named ‘feminine‘, to which men usually resemble it to ‘weakness’. Those men happened to get bullied to harsh extends that they end up taking their own lives. This has been very common in the western prison life.

The gender norms such as emphasizing toughness, dominance, self-reliance, and the restriction of emotion are usually adopted by male from their infancy by parents, other male relatives, and members of the community. According to a psychologist Ronald F Levant, traditionally prescribed masculine behaviors can produce harmful effects including violence (including sexual assault and domestic violence), promiscuity, risky and/or socially irresponsible behaviors including substance-use disorders, and dysfunction in relationships. The effect tends to be stronger in men who also emphasize “toxic” masculine norms, such as self-reliance, seeking power over women, and sexual promiscuity.

Article by : Haniah Mirza

Visistadvaita Philosophy

Vedanta Philosophy is one of the Indian Orthodox Schools of Philosophy that is primarily based on Upanishads, Bhagavadgita and Brahmasutras (Prasthanatraya). The Vedanta system, with the course of time has branched off into 3 categories: Advaita, Visistadvaita and Dvaita. The Visistadvaita which is mainly taught to have been originated from Ramanuja, is in reality much older than him. Ramanuja has taken the ancient teachings of the Prasthanatraya and has given it a definite shape like others. However, since Ramanujan was the best exponent due to his excellent work, Visistadvaita rightly gets its second name from him; Ramanuja Darsana. After the death of Ramanujan, his followers were divided into Vaḍagalais and Teṅgalais which literally translates to followers of the northern schools and followers of the southern schools respectively.

Visistadvaita is essentially a philosophy of religion. In it, reason and faith combine together to become ‘reasoned faith’. Epistemology: Visistadvaita accepts mainly 3 sources of knowledge, Pratyaksha, Anumana and Testimony of scriptures (Agama or Sabda). The three main principles of Visistadvaita are as followed:

1. Dharmabhūtajñāna – refers to the consciousness of the individual as its attribute. It is through this consciousness that one comes to know the nature of the external world, self and Brahman. This consciousness is all-pervading, however since it is bounded by Karma, it fails to recognize this.

2. Logical rule of aprthak-siddha-visesana – states that a quality resides in its qualified substance and is inseparable from it. They are separate but inseparable. E.g., Rationality is inseparable from man but rationality is not man.

3. Grammatical rule of sāmānādhikaraṇya – It means the application of two terms to a single entity through connotation of its 2 modes. (implicitly)

Visistadvaita accepts the satkaryavada (effect pre-existing in the cause) theory of Samkhya Philosophy. Visistadvaita believes that the world is a transformation of the Brahman and thus is real and not illusory. (Advaita)

Ontology:

Visistadvaita accepts three entities: Brahman, Jiva and Prakriti as the ultimate realities. They are aka ‘tattvatraya’. However, only Brahman is an independent reality and the other two are dependent realities. Therefore Visist (specific) Advaita (non-dualism) is a philosophy that accepts only one Reality, but with attributes or modes.

1. Brahman (Ishavara) Brahman of Visistadvaita is the absolute of philosophy as well as the God of religion. Truth, knowledge, infinity and bliss are its attributes. He is the whole and Jiva and Prakriti are its parts. (saguna brahman?) He is also free from imperfections and any defects. According to Visitadvaita, Brahman enjoys the play of creation. It creates the universe from its cit and acit portions and remains unaffected by it. Since Brahman creates in accordance to the past deeds (Karma) hence he is impartial and good-hearted.

2. Jiva (Cit) The Jivas are countless but they are identical in form and nature. Each Jiva is separate from its constituent attributes such as buddhi, body, mind etc. Jiva is a part of Brahman and is controlled by it. Jiva is the knower of knowledge, doer of actions, and experiencer of their results. The jivas are further divided into 3 groupss.

(i) Bound – the jiva that has not attained moksha and is still bound to Prakriti.

(ii) liberated – the jiva which was previously bound but attained moksha

(iii) eternally free- the Jivas that are always free from samsara and any attachments.

3. Prakriti The Prakriti id insentient (devoid of feeling and consciousness) and through it is the material universe formed. Prakriti is ever-changing hence it can never be the substratum for knowledge. Just as skin, flesh, seed, colour, taste and smell can all exist in the same mango simultaneously, so also cit (jiva) and acit (prakriti) can exist in Brahman.

Means of Liberation:

The means of liberation, is five-fold: karma(deeds), jñāna(knowledge), bhakti (devotion), prapatti (self-surrender), and ācāryābhimāna (strong faith in guru and his affectionate attachment to disciple. Prapatii is self-surrender and is for those who can’t follow the path of Karma, Jnana or bhakti. Its main characteristics are: to conceive what is in conformity with the will of God; to reject what is disagreeable to him; to seek him alone as the protector; and to surrender one’s self to him in all meekness.

State of Liberation:

The liberated soul has a direct vision of Brahman and is absorbed in the eternal bliss of union with him. To him, the pluralistic world remains however his pluralistic views abolishes. The distinction between him and Brahman still remains and the personality still remains. But the liberated soul forever enjoys the state of bliss by serving Brahman.

Successful story behind oyo rooms

Ritesh agarwal was the founder and ceo oyo rooms. And he is from odisha. He got the idea when he was 17 yrs old. He is dropout from college. And started business. At first he was hesitant and later he took tough choices and implemented. And it is started on May in year 2013.now it is leading chains of hotels, homes and spaces

Ritesh Agarwal has been travelled across the country before launching OYO and during such travels he discovered the problem with budget hotels. Thus at the mere age of 17, he first launched it as oravle travels in 2011, which he modelled after Airbnb. However, it later branched out to become OYO rooms in 2013. He had discovered that the problem with budget hotels was bigger than just availability, so, to counter other issues, he launched OYO.

Oyo means on your own

In 2014; the company raised Rs. 4 Cr from Lightspeed Venture Partners (LSVP) and DSG Consumer Partners, at a pre-money valuation (valuation of a company prior to investment or financing) of Rs 14 Cr.

What motivated Ritesh even more was that, by now the company was clocking gross bookings of more than Rs.1 Cr. per month.

The awards he got received are ,

  • Awarded the TiE-Lumis Entrepreneurial Excellence Award (2014)
  • The first resident Asian to win ’20 Under 20’ Thiel Fellowship (2013)
  • Named one of the Top 50 Entrepreneurs by TATA First Dot Awards (2013)
  • Finalist of Global Student Entrepreneurship Awards-India
  • Named one of the ‘8 Hottest Teenage Start Up Founders in the World’ by Business Insider (2013)
  • World’s Youngest CEO at 17(recognized at 16)

INCIDENT ABOUT MY LIFE

                                                   THE WORST PART OF MY LIFE EVER

Always listen to experts. They’ll tell you what can’t be done, and why. Then do it.

Robert A. Heinlein

The mind-blowing challenge in my life I consider is to up the board exams that is literally tough rather than anything. That to facing up math exam was the worst part in my path I have ever faced and can’t forget those moments still now. I am an average student in my class being very humble and not considered by anyone for anything. I managed to score a mid-range of percent in all subjects. But I was not able to cope up with the topics of math and calculations as I hate the concepts to the core. I always interact or listen to those classes in a strange or in a something irrelevant to me. My tutors are soul-hearted but I can’t find the reason behind the lack of interest in math alone. I tried many reference guides and treatments to overcome this lack of interest but I was not able to do so. I feel terribly sorry for myself looking at my situation. I failed to show my improvement until the whole year and finally landed up as a failure. I am speechless to say the sacrifice undergone my parents in the struggle to make me a better learner whatever comments they hear from my faculties. “As anger is the key to make someone do impossible things” the same incident happened in my life which made me to back answer the people those who underestimated me. “Things change in life as people get to know or gain experience out of insults”. To boost my temper my parents guessed an idea to make me fierce by giving worse comments and also ill-treated me. I was a big selfish as I could not understand the pain that my family has faced because of me. It is also obvious I’m an outraged person as it is a hereditary feature in our family. So by doing those kind of act I went to the worst level of my temper as it was a key for me during my hectic times to focus more on the subject to gain my respect back. They gave me an additional support by appointing a home tutor so to make sure I complete my concepts thoroughly. So with the struggle of two months day and night practicing accordingly by scheduling myself with a friendly mentor to support me with concepts with simple learning and teaching I was able to score a good mark of 85% in that subject alone within a period of two months full of support from my side family and with hard work to gain back my respect from others and to prove them I’m worthy of it. This circumstance gave me an experience to show interest in things which you hate more and try working on it until you succeed in it fruitfully. This is how I overcame my disgusting past in life that gave me motivation to not give up so easily.

If you expect life to be easy, challenges will seem difficult. If you accept that challenges may occur, life will be easier.  - Rob Liano

Never lose hope at your hard times as it molds you to sharpen your level of understanding your life and shaping your future. ” The more your are tested by life the fast you grow in and achieve great heights”. Make yourself yourself to cope up and tackle situations to find better solutions and enrich out of it that will teach you morals and lessons to follow in the future. I conclude you by informing if I can realize my situation why can’t you ??. Try to change and understand if that change can improve your character. Let us confess to be flexible and face challenges to know the meaning of life.

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BE THE BETTER VERSION OF YOURSELF

No one is perfect in the world but always try to be the better version of yourself. Every person is unique in herself or himself. person’s  behaviour, attitude, character, perception, temper, personality traits make him distinctive.

Be the better version of yourself means making an effort to attain your quintessential self. This is something that applies to every human being, because no one is born perfect. all human beings are distinct  from each other internally and externally. Extrinsic differences are visible for all of us. Evaluation or measurement of any person can’t be done only on the basis of his or her external quality. internal qualities make them exclusive and special.

I think our efforts and hard work assists us to be a better version of ourselves. There are many people who want to become exactly like renowned or eminent personality . there is nothing  wrong with it . Everyone have their own dream  which  they want to fulfil. We all have different capabilities  , potential , abilities and skill those things decide how far you can go and achieve. Always show the world what you really are. Only you know yourself better than anyone. No need to become anyone’s  type.  You are your own type .

 If you’re feeling anxious about self-improvement. confidence , belief in yourself , hard work and perseverance plays very important role in the journey of self improvement. you just need to stick to your goal. Someone else’s life path cannot be your benchmark of success, since they have different  desire, dreams, passions and skills. someone else’s journey would be completely dissimilar than yours.

DISCOVER : you have to discover each and everything about you, before  starting the journey of self improvement, you need to identify some of the point and evaluate them. Identify the person you want to be ,identify  your passion ,area of interest, dream and desire. What is your positive and negative points. what is your expectation , where you want to see yourself in future, identify your area of weaknesses where you need improvement. what  kind of activities do enjoy daily, what is your happiest memory ,what impact do you want to make on the world. Answer all questions sincerely  and honestly.

You also need to evaluate yourself. Evaluate your capabilities, potential and  abilities. Analyze whether your goal is beyond your ability .Compare your potential with your goal. Your target should match with your capabilities. follow smart approach. Make sure that your goal should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time bounded. This approach  increase the chances of achieving your goal. Overall you have to explore yourself thoroughly and deeply.

There are a few ways to be a better version of yourself , you  have to take some concrete steps to get there.

  • Let go of limiting beliefs you know and understand yourself better, but do you know who you could be. we hold back by limiting beliefs. Learn to recognize and let go of all limiting beliefs that are holding you back from being the best version of yourself.
  • Amplify your strengths you should focus more on our strength ,you’ll get even stronger in those areas, becoming more fully yourself along the way.  When you amplify your strengths, you’ll crush the obstacles in your path. It’s also important to focus on your strengths when you hit obstacles – which you will inevitably do.
  • Develop a growth mindset Having a developed growth mindset is essential for converting a person into better version. we all have some areas which require more attention. Successful people deal with it by having a growth mindset. They believe that there are no weaknesses. They focus on areas of improvement , how they can improve and take action to avail any opportunity .
  • Throw out expectations our beliefs create our world, but unfortunately, sometimes our beliefs are not our own. Sometime we set up  target as per the expectations of others. Your vision for who you want to be should be yours , not someone else’s
  • Be willing to shed your old identity when you  determine to find the best of you. You have to voluntarily give up your old identity .people who know your old self might resist due to the feeling of insecurity, But don’t let it become roadblocks of way. willingly accept  the changes and embrace a can do attitude.
  • Tame your fears  whenever you anxious or if you are afraid to try anything , prepare your mind for this kind of situation think about the less scary alternatives  and  possible results .once your mind is  accustomed to this process, you will feel less anxious .and you will be able to take right decision in this kind of circumstances .
  • Set reasonable goals  always set reasonable goal that should be achievable. To boost confidence you can divide your goals into some smaller part that would be achievable in short time. Confidence brings you closer to the better version of you.
  • Create empowering rituals we all know eminent and renowned personalities because they have successfully become the best version of themselves. Any  person’s habit assist him or her to grow. Make good habits like eating healthy food, exercise  daily, be punctual, meditation etc.
  •  Have compassion for yourself  it’s totally fine if you are not where you wanted to be , have compassion for yourself. Instead of worrying deeply about setback, do things that make you happy. And then also analyze negative points and replace it with positive once.
  • Manage yourself effectively  Self management includes time management that should be managed effectively and efficiently. To evaluate yourself you can check your progress on quarterly , monthly and yearly basis Effective time management sets you free from stress, leads you to your ideal self and also gives you self gratification. your management would reflect in your work.
  • Stay positive whatever situation you face in life you have to be positive. its certain to combat  many arduous circumstances in life Make your personality resilient to any kind of adversity, also change your perception towards any problem , take it as an opportunity. Positivity works in a tremendous way.

Shree Jagannathji temple

• Situated in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.

• Established 460 years ago – beside river Sabarmati.

• Main deities – holy trinity – Lord Jagannath, Lor Baldevji, Goddess Subhadra Ji.
 Idols installed in the temple by sadhu Shree Sarangdas ji.
• Sadavrat – yeoman service – meals every day to 1000 to 1200 needy, poor persons
including saints irrespective of caste, creed and religious distinction.

Rath yatra

• Also referred as Ratha-yatra, Ratha-jatra

  • ‘Chariot festival’ – public procession in a
    chariot carrying a deity.
  • • Particularly annual Rathayatra conducted in
    Odisha, Jharkhand, Gujarat, West Bengal
    and other East Indian states.
  • • Chariot carrying holy trinity and the
    Sudarshana Chakra.

• Shree Jagannathji temple Rathayatra – introduced in 1878.
 Conducted on the Ashadhi Beej every year.
 Starts with pahind vidhi – cleaning the way
for the chariots using a golden broom.
 Led by 15 to 20 elephants in decorative dress + group of trained athletes performing aerobatics + disciples with
decorative flags of the temple.
 Finally comes the Holy Trinity on chariots pulled by devotees.

Buddhism and Suffering

Suffering is part of the core teachings of Buddhism. In Buddhism, to study, understand and eliminate suffering is considered to be the ultimate goal of human life. 

It is said that when Buddha attained enlightenment and started his altruistic sermons, he stated the following; 

“O Monks, two things I only teach, dukkha and the cessation of dukkha” Buddha could see suffering at each stages of human life. He understood that from the moment of birth till the state of death, suffering was part of human life. 

Hence, we have the 4 Noble Truths given by Buddha that deal with sufferings in Buddhism: 

1. The truth of suffering (dukkha) 

2. The truth of the cause of suffering (samudaya) 

3. The truth of the end of suffering (nirhodha) 

4. The truth of the path that frees us from suffering (magga) 

Collectively, these principles explain why humans hurt and how they can overcome suffering. Furthermore, Buddha taught that there are three kinds of sufferings. The first type of dukkha is the physical and mental pain from inevitable events like sickness, old age and death. The second type of dukkha occurs when we fail to get what we desire or to lose something that we hold dear. This type of dukkha appears due to impermanence and change. 

The third type of Dukkha is the suffering that arises due to man’s conditioned state of existence. In other words, it’s a kind of existential suffering arising due to the angst of being human, the very state of our existence and being subject to rebirth. 

Buddha, in his 2nd Noble truth explains the reason why humans are subject to suffering. Buddha says that suffering is part of a universal causal link. Universal causal link is a link that is a cycle of cause and effect. It states that for every effect to come into existence, there lies a cause of its origination. Hence suffering is a part of this cycle of causal link. From this causal link Buddha extracts 3 main reasons for humans to be subject to suffering. 

1. Birth According to Buddha, existence leads to suffering. i.e. From the moment we take birth we are bound to experience suffering in our lives. 

2. Attachments and Desires Buddha believes that the root cause of suffering is attachments and desires. When we attach ourselves to materialistic things or desires that cannot always be fulfilled, we are afflicted with pain and suffering. Buddha says that man has a sense of ‘I’, the belief that his existence is individualistic in nature. This belief leads him to feel the obligation to achieve all his desires. What we fail to understand in this belief is that these desires are temporary and momentary, thus we cannot always satisfy our desires and needs. In addition to this Buddha also says that there is no end to human desires, hence one cannot always achieve the things that he or she wishes or desires.

3. Ignorance According to Buddha this is the ultimate cause of suffering in human lives. Due to ignorance humans fail to gain knowledge about suffering and remain ignorant to reality. 

Ignorance also leads to the creation of the false sense of ‘I’. Thus, ignorance increases our infinite desires and attachments that later cause us suffering in our lives.

HOW TO END THIS SUFFERING? 

In his 3rd Noble Truth Buddha affirms that suffering can be ended. And in his 4th Noble Truth Buddha gives us the path to attain this end to suffering. 

Nirvana in Buddhism is a state of freedom from suffering. It is said that when one attains Nirvana, he or she is left with no desires, no attachments and no ignorance. 

Nirvana is a state where one feels ultimate happiness and peace. However, Nirvana is not always a static life but can also be an active life. Thus, there are two types of Nirvana 

1. Jivan Mukti – You attain Nirvana when you are alive. Example: Gautama Buddha 

2. Videh Mukti – You attain Nirvana after your death. Example: End of Rebirth

Since Buddhism accepts Karma and rebirth to be the main causes for humans to take birth and experience suffering, hence Nirvana is also a state where all Karma is annihilated and rebirth comes to an end.

To attain Nirvana, or to attain freedom from suffering Buddha further gives a middle path, i.e. an 8-fold path that advocates neither extreme self-indulgence nor extreme self-denial. It’s a middle path of these two extremes.

THE 8-FOLD-PATH TO ATTAIN FREEDOM FROM SUFFERING 

In no particular order, the Eightfold Path of Buddhism teaches the following ideals for ethical conduct, mental disciple and achieving wisdom: 

1. Right views Buddha said that in order to attain freedom, one needs to acquire right knowledge. Since ignorance is the ultimate cause of suffering, by attaining right knowledge about the 4 Noble Truths it will eventually help an individual to eliminate suffering.

2. Right resolve Right resolve refers to the act in accordance with right knowledge. An individual needs to have the right determination to make the right choices in life. 

3. Right speech Right Speech advises individual to not use harsh or abusive languages. It advises to refrain from cussing, cursing or hurting other people by using abusive words. 

4. Right conduct This talks about the behaviour of an individual. Right conduct is further explained using 5 ways. 

i. Non-Violence (Ahimsa) To not practice violence in any form; physical, mental or emotional. 

ii. Truth (Satyam) To always speak truth and never lie, no matter what condition one may be in. 

iii. Not Steal (Asteya) To never steal or shoplift no matter how much pleasure or happiness one gets from doing so. 

iv. Contentment (Aparigrah) This talks about how one should be satisfied with what he or she has and teaches to be grateful for the things one is blessed with. 

v. Celibacy (Brahmacharya) Celibacy here does not refer to an ascetic life but rather talks about how an individual should learn to control his/her emotions and desires.

5. Right Livelihood Right Livelihood encourages an individual to earn their wages or living expenses by following a moral path. That is, by working hard instead of stealing, murdering or any immoral acts.

6. Right Effort Right effort majorly talks about making an effort to develop and retain good thoughts, to remove existing evil thoughts (negative thoughts) and to prevent evil thoughts from entering the mind.

7. Right Mindfulness Mindfulness talks about retaining the good energy in our mind and encourages to constantly remember good things. 

8. Right Concentration This talks about analysing our sufferings and finding the root cause of it. It encourages individuals to concentrate in discovering our own selves and to detach from any unnecessary desires or attachments.

Hence it is only after following this 8-fold-path can one achieve liberation from suffering. 

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ENTERTAINMENT
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